Export of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen and sulfur compounds from the East Asia region in spring
Export of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen and sulfur compounds from the East Asia region in spring
复制标题
DOI：
10.1029/2002jd003284
复制
发表时间：
2003-10
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Koike;Y. Kondo;K. Kita;N. Takegawa;Y. Masui;Y. Miyazaki;M. Ko;A. Weinheimer;F. Flocke;R. Weber;D. Thornton;G. Sachse;S. Vay;D. Blake;D. Streets;F. Eisele;S. Sandholm;H. Singh;R. Talbot
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Koike;Y. Kondo;K. Kita;N. Takegawa;Y. Masui;Y. Miyazaki;M. Ko;A. Weinheimer;F. Flocke;R. Weber;D. Thornton;G. Sachse;S. Vay;D. Blake;D. Streets;F. Eisele;S. Sandholm;H. Singh;R. Talbot
[1]在2001年2月至4月进行的美国航天局太平洋上空运输和化学演变实验期间，使用P-3B和DC-8飞机在西太平洋上空对气态和颗粒活性氮和硫物种以及其他化学物种进行了测量。这些测量为研究当气团被输送到西太平洋地区时，东亚国家上空人为排放的NOx和SO2在多大程度上以气体或细颗粒物的形式保留为NOy和SOx（= SO2 + nssSO42 −）提供了一个很好的机会。在本文中，一种方法来估计传输效率，e（NOy）和e（SOx），在经历了多次注入，混合，和损失过程的空气质量的描述。在这项分析中，CO和CO2被用来作为被动示踪剂的运输，和排放清单的CO，CO2，NOx和SO2在东亚地区使用。P-3B的结果表明，中国东北地区的NOx排放量中有20 - 40%和15%分别以NOy的形式存在于西太平洋边界层和自由对流层中。在FT中，发现PAN是NOy的主要形式，而仅0.5%的排放的NOx保持为NOx。据估计，SOx在BL和FT中的传输效率分别为25 - 45%和15 - 20%。在BL和FT中，nssSO42 −/SOx比值的中位数均为0.4 - 0.6，但FT中的变异性较大。这些结果与使用DC-8数据得出的结果基本一致。本研究获得的结果表明，超过一半的NOy和SOx在非洲大陆上损失，并且从BL到FT的垂直传输进一步将其数量减少了2倍，这可能是由于湿去除。还研究了空气质量的NOy和SOx的预算，我们在TRACE-P期间进行了采样，在这些情况下，从大陆流出的通量估计为排放量的20%。在BL和FT通量被发现有类似的贡献。
[1] Measurements of gaseous and particulate reactive nitrogen and sulfur species, as well as other chemical species, were made using the P-3B and DC-8 aircraft over the western Pacific during the NASA Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) experiment, conducted between February and April 2001. These measurements provide a good opportunity to study the extent to which anthropogenic NOx and SO2 emitted over the East Asian countries remain as NOy and SOx (=SO2 + nssSO42−) in the form of gas or fine particles when an air mass is transported into the western Pacific region. In this paper a method to estimate transport efficiencies, e(NOy) and e(SOx), in an air mass that has experienced multiple injection, mixing, and loss processes is described. In this analysis, CO and CO2 are used as passive tracers of transport, and the emission inventories of CO, CO2, NOx, and SO2 over the East Asia region are used. Results from the P-3B presented in this study indicate that 20–40% and 15% of NOx emitted over the northeastern part of China remained as NOy over the western Pacific in the boundary layer (BL) and free troposphere (FT), respectively. In the FT, PAN is found to have been the dominant form of NOy, while only 0.5% of emitted NOx remained as NOx. The transport efficiency of SOx is estimated to have been 25–45% and 15–20% in the BL and FT, respectively. Median values of the nssSO42−/SOx ratio are 0.4–0.6 both in the BL and FT, however large variability is found in the FT. These results are generally consistent with those derived using DC-8 data. The results obtained in this study indicate that more than half of NOy and SOx were lost over the continent and that the vertical transport from the BL to FT further reduced their amounts by a factor of 2, likely due to wet removal. Budgets of NOy and SOx were also studied for air masses, which we sampled during TRACE-P and the flux out from the continent in these cases is estimated to be 20% of the emissions. Flux in the BL and FT is found to have a similar contribution.