Non-tariff and overall protection: evidence across countries and over time
Non-tariff and overall protection: evidence across countries and over time
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非关税和全面保护：各国和不同时期的证据
DOI：
10.1007/s10290-018-0317-5
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
C. Milner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhaohui Niu;Chang Liu;Saileshsingh Gunessee;C. Milner
本文分析了非关税措施的发生率和强度的演变。它扩展了早期的工作，从一个新的可用数据库中测量ntm对一段时间的保护，并提供了ntm演变的证据。特别是，在Kee等人的基础上（Econ J 119(534):172 - 199,2009），本文估算了1997-2015年期间97个国家在产品层面上的非关税关税从价等价物。研究表明，在此期间，非关税措施的发生率和强度都在增加，非关税措施成为贸易保护的更主要来源。我们还能够调查关税和非关税措施共同产生的整体保护的演变。结果表明，尽管近几十年来与多边、区域和双边贸易协定有关的关税下降，但大多数国家和产品的总体保护水平并没有下降。我们还发现，在最近的2008年金融危机期间，总体贸易保护有所增加。总体而言，本研究揭示了贸易自由化研究不足的一个方面：非关税壁垒的扩散和增加。
This paper analyzes the evolution of the incidence and intensity of non-tariff measures (NTMs). It extends earlier work by measuring protection from NTMs over time from a newly available database and provides evidence on the evolution of NTMs. In particular, building on Kee et al. (Econ J 119(534):172–199, 2009), this paper estimates the ad valorem equivalents of NTMs for 97 countries at the product level over the period 1997–2015. We show that the incidence and the intensity of NTMs were both increasing over this period, with NTMs becoming an even more dominant source of trade protection. We are also able to investigate the evolution of overall protection derived jointly from tariffs and NTMs. The results show that the overall protection level, for most countries and products, has not decreased despite the fall in tariffs associated with multilateral, regional and bilateral trade agreements in recent decades. We also document an increase in overall trade protection during the recent 2008 financial crisis. Overall, this study sheds light on an under-researched aspect of trade liberalization: the proliferation and increase of NTMs.