Prevalence of diarrhea and associated risk factors among children under-five years of age in Eastern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.
Prevalence of diarrhea and associated risk factors among children under-five years of age in Eastern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.
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DOI：
10.4236/ojpm.2013.37060
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Alemayehu Worku, Alemayehu Worku
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bezatu Mengistie, Bezatu Mengistie;Yemane Berhane, Yemane Berhane;Alemayehu Worku, Alemayehu Worku
腹泻仍然是撒哈拉以南非洲国家5岁以下儿童死亡的一个主要原因。腹泻的危险因素因环境而异，对制定适当的战略以减轻疾病负担具有重要意义。本研究的目的是评估埃塞俄比亚东部克尔萨地区5岁以下儿童腹泻患病率及相关危险因素。一项以社区为基础的横断面研究在1456个随机选择的至少有一个5岁以下儿童的家庭中进行。采用问卷调查和观察性检查表收集5岁以下儿童的社会经济特征、环境卫生和行为习惯以及腹泻发生情况等信息。采用Logistic回归计算95%置信区间的校正优势比。5岁以下儿童腹泻的两周患病率为22.5% （95% CI: 20.3-24.6）。不当的垃圾处理方法（OR=2.22, 95% CI: 1.20-4.03）、缺乏洗手设施（OR=1.92, 95% CI: 1.29-2.86）、生活在农村地区（OR=1.81, 95% CI: 1.12-3.31）、家庭中有两个或两个以上兄弟姐妹（OR=1.74, 95% CI: 1.33-2.28）和儿童年龄（OR=2.25, 95% CI: 1.5-3.36）是腹泻的主要危险因素。这项研究表明，埃塞俄比亚东部5岁以下儿童的腹泻发病率相对较高。减少儿童腹泻的努力应侧重于改善家庭卫生、个人卫生和生育间隔。
Diarrhea remains a major cause of mortality in children under 5 years of age in Sub-Saharan countries in Africa. Risk factors for diarrhea vary by context and have important implications for developing appropriate strategies to reduce the burden of the disease. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of diarrhea and associated risk factors among children un-der 5 years of age in Kersa district, located in Eastern Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1456 randomly selected households with at least one child under 5 years of age. A questionnaire and an observational check list were used for col-lecting information on socio-economic charac-teristics, environmental hygiene and behavioral practices, and occurrence of diarrhea among children under 5 years of age. Logistic regres-sion was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio of 95% confidence interval. The two-week prevalence of diarrhea among children under 5 years of age was 22.5% (95% CI: 20.3-24.6). Improper refuse disposal practices (OR=2.22, 95% CI: 1.20-4.03), lack of hand washing facilities (OR=1.92, 95% CI: 1.29-2.86), living in rural area (OR=1.81, 95% CI: 1.12-3.31), the presence of two or more siblings in a household (OR=1.74, 95% CI: 1.33-2.28), and age of the child (OR=2.25, 95% CI; 1.5-3.36) were the major risk factors for diarrhea. This study demonstrated that diarrhea morbidity was relatively high among children under 5 years of age residing in Eastern Ethiopia. Efforts to reduce childhood diarrhea should focus on improving household sanitation, personal hygiene, and child birth spacing.