Elemental mercury in coastal seawater of Yellow Sea, China: Temporal variation and air-sea exchange
Elemental mercury in coastal seawater of Yellow Sea, China: Temporal variation and air-sea exchange
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中国黄海沿岸海水中元素汞：时间变化和海气交换
DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.09.025
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Wang, Zhangwei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ci, Zhijia;Zhang, Xiaoshan;Wang, Zhangwei
中国，对黄海沿岸海水中的溶解气态汞(DGm，主要是Hg(0))和大气中的气态元素汞(GEM或Hg(0))进行了4个不同季节(2008-09)的同步测定。研究期间二恶英和宝石的平均浓度(+/-SD)分别为34.0+/-26.1pg L-1和2.55+/-0.98ngm(-3)。DGM浓度和饱和度(Sa)随夏季(DGm：69.0+/-23.3pg L-1，Sa：5.92)和秋季(27.0+/-16.4pg L-1，3.50+/-2.60)和春季(23.0+/-8.7pg L-1，2.00+/-0.98)和GT；冬季(16.0+/-6.0分L-1，0.96+/-0.39)。在暖季低风速、强太阳辐射的典型气象条件下，DGM的日变化明显，中午前后高，上午和下午低。DGM的日变化和季节变化表明了海水中光化学DGM形成的重要性。在高风速条件下，DGM水平一直很低，这表明生物活动可能影响了DGM的形成。DGM与海水中总汞(THG)、活性汞(RHG)、溶解有机碳(DOC)无显著相关性，表明THG/RHG和DOC可能不是DGM形成的控制因素。基于DGM和GEM资料和两层气体交换模式，海气界面汞(0)通量(以ngm(-2)h(-1)为单位)在整个研究期间为0.51+/-1.29，秋季为0.89+/-1.84，夏季为0.88+/-1.38，春季为0.32+/-0.71，冬季为-0.06+/-0.64。(C)2010爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
Dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM, largely Hg(0)) in coastal seawater and gaseous elemental mercury (GEM or Hg(0)) in the atmosphere were simultaneously measured on the coast of the Yellow Sea, China in four different seasons (2008-09). Mean concentrations (+/- SD) of DGM and GEM over the study period were 34.0 +/- 26.1 pg L-1 and 2.55 +/- 0.98 ng m(-3), respectively. DGM concentrations and the degree of DGM saturation (Sa) exhibited distinct seasonal variation with the order of summer (DGM: 69.0 +/- 23.3 pg L-1, sa: moo 5.92) > fall (27.0 +/- 16.4 pg L-1, 3.50 +/- 2.60) > spring (23.0 +/- 8.7 pg L-1, 2.00 +/- 0.98) > winter (16.0 +/- 6.0 pg L-1, 0.96 +/- 0.39). Under typical meteorological condition with low wind speed and intensive solar radiation in warm seasons, DGM usually exhibited the clear diurnal variation with elevated levels around noon and low levels in morning and afternoon. The diurnal and seasonal variation of DGM indicated the importance of photochemical DGM formation in the seawater. A consistent low DGM levels in high wind speed condition suggested that the biological activity probably influenced the DGM formation. There was no significant correlation between DGM and total mercury (THg), reactive mercury (RHg), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the seawater, indicating that THg/RHg and DOC might be not the controlling factors for the DGM formation in our study region. Based on the data of DGM and GEM and a two-layer gas exchange model, Hg(0) fluxes (in the unit of ng m(-2) h(-1)) at air-sea interface were 0.51 +/- 1.29 over the entire study period with 0.89 +/- 1.84 in fall, 0.88 +/- 1.38 in summer, 0.32 +/- 0.71 in spring, and -0.06 +/- 0.64, a slightly net Hg(0) deposition rate, in winter, respectively. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.