Moving Toward Integration? Effects of Migration on Ethnoracial Segregation Across the Rural-Urban Continuum.
Moving Toward Integration? Effects of Migration on Ethnoracial Segregation Across the Rural-Urban Continuum.
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走向整合？
DOI：
10.1007/s13524-016-0479-5
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Johnson,KennethM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Winkler,RichelleL;Johnson,KennethM
本研究分析了移民对美国各县种族隔离的影响。使用1990-2000年和2000-2010年按年龄、种族和西班牙裔分列的县级净移民估计数，我们估计了移民对年龄和空间隔离的影响。总的来说，在这两个十年中，移民有助于民族群体的融合，而自然人口变化（增加/减少）的差异将增加隔离。然而，年龄差异是明显的。40岁以下人口的净移民减少了隔离，而60岁以上人口的净移民则进一步隔离了人们。城乡连续体的上下迁移（包括有色人种的郊区化）对减少种族隔离起到了最大的作用，而区域间的迁移只产生了很小的影响。有色人种在各个年龄段都倾向于向白色占主导地位的县和地区迁移。白色年轻人（20-39岁）的移民也减少了隔离。然而，40岁以上的白人表现出白色飞行的倾向。适度的空间变化表明，隔离是在东北部和中西部的几个大都市区的郊区和边缘地区减少最多，而南部，西南部和阿巴拉契亚的部分地区显示出整合的证据很少。
This study analyzes the impact of migration on ethnoracial segregation among U.S. counties. Using county-level net migration estimates by age, race, and Hispanic origin from 1990–2000 and 2000–2010, we estimate migration’s impact on segregation by age and across space. Overall, migration served to integrate ethnoracial groups in both decades, whereas differences in natural population change (increase/decrease) would have increased segregation. Age differences, however, are stark. Net migration of the population under age 40 reduced segregation, while net migration of people over age 60 further segregated people. Migration up and down the rural-urban continuum (including suburbanization among people of color) did most to decrease segregation, while interregional migration had only a small impact. People of color tended to move toward more predominantly white counties and regions at all ages. Migration among white young adults (aged 20–39) also decreased segregation. Whites aged 40 and older, however, showed tendencies toward white flight. Moderate spatial variation suggests that segregation is diminishing the most in suburban and fringe areas of several metropolitan areas in the Northeast and Midwest, while parts of the South, Southwest, and Appalachia show little evidence of integration.