Hierarchical-Masked Image Filtering for Privacy-Protection
Hierarchical-Masked Image Filtering for Privacy-Protection
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DOI：
10.1587/transinf.2016inp0012
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Kumaki;T. Fujino
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Kumaki;T. Fujino
本文提出了一种用于隐私保护的分层掩蔽图像滤波方法。照相机广泛用于各种应用，犯罪监控、环境监测和市场营销。然而，侵犯隐私已经成为一个严重的社会问题，特别是关于使用监控摄像头。许多监控摄像头指向许多人;因此，我们日常活动的大量私人信息都受到监控。然而，目前市场上的几种监控摄像头和相关研究往往具有复杂或制度性的掩蔽隐私保护功能。为了克服这个问题，提出了一种分层掩蔽图像滤波（HMF）方法，该方法具有不可掩蔽（掩模反转）能力，适用于当前用于隐私信息保护的监控摄像机系统，能够满足隐私保护的相关要求。该方法有五个主要特点：从只有掩蔽图像和密码密钥，分层掩模级别控制使用参数的伪随机数的长度，对恶意攻击的鲁棒性，嵌入式处理器上的快速处理，掩模操作的适用性，目前的监控摄像机系统的原始图像的揭露。以前的研究很难提供这些功能。为了在实际设备上评估HMF，开发了一个基于HMF的原型系统，该原型系统主要由USB网络摄像头、超紧凑单板计算机和笔记本电脑组成。实验结果表明，该方法实现了掩模级控制，具有较好的鲁棒性。与传统的非掩蔽系统相比，基于HMF的原型系统的处理时间的增加仅为约1.4%。本文还报告了所提出的方法与传统的隐私保护方法和良好的反应，人们对基于HMF的原型系统在国内外的比较。因此，所提出的HMF方法可以应用于嵌入式系统，如那些配备了监控摄像头，以保护隐私。关键词：隐私，监控摄像机，面具，分级操作，密码处理，原型系统
This paper presents a hierarchical-masked image filtering method for privacy-protection. Cameras are widely used for various applications, e.g., crime surveillance, environment monitoring, and marketing. However, invasion of privacy has become a serious social problem, especially regarding the use of surveillance cameras. Many surveillance cameras point at many people; thus, a large amount of our private information of our daily activities are under surveillance. However, several surveillance cameras currently on the market and related research often have a complicated or institutional masking privacy-protection functionality. To overcome this problem, a Hierarchical-Masked image Filtering (HMF) method is proposed, which has unmaskable (mask reversal) capability and is applicable to current surveillance camera systems for privacy-information protection and can satisfy privacy-protection related requirements. This method has five main features: unmasking of the original image from only the masked image and a cipher key, hierarchical-mask level control using parameters for the length of a pseudorandom number, robustness against malicious attackers, fast processing on an embedded processor, and applicability of mask operation to current surveillance camera systems. Previous studies have difficulty in providing these features. To evaluate HMF on actual equipment, an HMF-based prototype system is developed that mainly consists of a USB web camera, ultra-compact single board computer, and notebook PC. Through experiments, it is confirmed that the proposed method achieves mask level control and is robust against attacks. The increase in processing time of the HMF-based prototype system compared with a conventional non-masking system is only about 1.4%. This paper also reports on the comparison of the proposed method with conventional privacy protection methods and favorable responses of people toward the HMF-based prototype system both domestically and abroad. Therefore, the proposed HMF method can be applied to embedded systems such as those equipped with surveillance cameras for protecting privacy. key words: privacy, surveillance camera, mask, hierarchical operation, cipher processing, prototype system