Ecological effects of the Hayman Fire - Part 2: Historical (pre-1860) and current (1860-2002) forest and landscape structure
Ecological effects of the Hayman Fire - Part 2: Historical (pre-1860) and current (1860-2002) forest and landscape structure
复制标题
海曼火灾的生态影响 - 第 2 部分：历史（1860 年之前）和当前（1860-2002 年）森林和景观结构
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Regan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. H. Romme;M. Kaufmann;T. Veblen;Rosemary L. Sherriff;C. Regan
“景观结构”一词是指在一个大的陆地区域（通常是许多平方公里的范围）上植被和其他地貌的配置。景观可以被视为由不同种类的斑块组成的马赛克-例如，不同的森林类型，地貌或人类建造的结构，如道路。景观生态学的科学学科关注的是定量描述景观镶嵌的特征，包括，例如，斑块类型的多样性，斑块的大小和形状，以及不同斑块类型是如何并列的（Forman 1995）。景观生态学还关注了解景观的结构如何影响其功能-例如，它为各种植物和动物物种提供了什么样的栖息地，或者水和营养物质或污染物如何从一个地方转移到另一个地方（Turner等人2001）。景观结构的另一个关键方面是它如何影响干扰的传播-包括火灾。我们解决这个问题的历史和最近的景观结构在该地区燃烧的海曼火灾分为两部分。首先，把2002年的海曼火灾的背景下，我们的特点的历史范围内的变化（HRV -见本章的第1部分）景观结构的主要森林地带的科罗拉多前山脉，并比较这些参考条件与当前的景观结构。通过电流与参考条件的比较，可以对上个世纪发生的变化的幅度、原因和重要性进行评估，并大致确定前沿山脉中哪些地方的变化较大或较小。然后，我们把重点放在海曼地区本身，以确定的性质，规模和意义的世纪景观变化的区域内，2002年火灾发生。我们开始与前范围作为一个整体的一般评估，然后再处理海曼地区的细节有两个原因：第一，一般概述提供了一个背景下，了解海曼景观的独特功能，第二，未来的前范围火灾很可能发生在其他森林地区，没有很好地代表海曼地区本身。变化的历史范围和科罗拉多前山脉景观结构的世纪变化
The term “landscape structure” refers to the configuration of vegetation and other land features over a large land area (usually an extent of many square kilometers). A landscape can be regarded as a mosaic composed of patches of different kinds— for example, different forest types, landforms, or human-built structures such as roads. The scientific discipline of landscape ecology is concerned with quantitatively describing the features of landscape mosaics, including, for example, the variety of patch types, the sizes and shapes of patches, and how different patch types are juxtaposed (Forman 1995). Landscape ecology also is concerned with understanding how the structure of a landscape influences its function – for example, what kind of habitat it provides for various plant and animal species, or how water and nutrients or pollutants move from place to place (Turner and others 2001). Another critical aspect of landscape structure is how it influences the spread of disturbances – including fire. We address this question about historical and recent landscape structure in the area burned by the Hayman Fire in two parts. First, to put the Hayman Fire of 2002 into context, we characterize the historical range of variability (HRV – see the part 1 in this chapter) in landscape structure of the major forest zones of the Colorado Front Range, and compare these reference conditions with current landscape structure. This comparison of current to reference conditions permits an assessment of the magnitude, causes, and significance of changes that have occurred in the last century, and identifies generally where in the Front Range the changes have been great or small. We then focus on the Hayman area itself, to identify the nature, magnitude, and significance of 20 century landscape changes within the area where the 2002 fire occurred. We begin with a general assessment of the Front Range as a whole before treating the Hayman area in detail for two reasons: first, the general overview provides a context for understanding the unique features of the Hayman landscape, and second, future Front Range fires are likely to occur in other forest zones that are not well represented in the Hayman area per se. Historical Range of Variability and 20th Century Changes in Landscape Structure of the Colorado Front Range