Plant genetic resources: What can they contribute toward increased crop productivity?
Plant genetic resources: What can they contribute toward increased crop productivity?
复制标题
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.96.11.5937
复制
发表时间：
1999-05-25
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Warburton, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hoisington, D;Khairallah, M;Warburton, M
为了养活每分钟增长160人的世界人口，其中90%以上在发展中国家，将需要惊人的粮食生产增长。据预测，小麦将成为世界上最重要的谷物，玉米紧随其后;这些作物加在一起将占发展中国家谷物进口需求的近80%。获得一系列遗传多样性对于育种计划的成功至关重要。收集、记录和利用这些资源的全球努力是巨大的，这些资源的遗传多样性对世界战胜饥饿至关重要。降低小麦株高、提高抗病和抗病毒能力的基因渗入为“绿色革命”奠定了基础，并展示了遗传资源对生产的巨大影响。小麦杂交种和人工合成材料可以提供未来所需的产量增加。玉米的野生亲缘植物Tripsacum代表了一种尚未开发的遗传资源，可用于非生物和生物胁迫抗性以及无融合生殖，这一特性可为发展中国家的农民提供杂交技术。必须解决遗传资源和基因的所有权问题，以确保全球都能获得这些关键资源。分子和基因工程技术的应用促进了遗传资源的利用。必须有效和互补地利用我们所有的技术工具和资源，以应对世界粮食需求不断扩大所构成的挑战。
To feed a world population growing by up to 160 people per minute, with >90% of them in developing countries, will require an astonishing increase in food production. Forecasts call for wheat to become the most important cereal in the world, with maize close behind; together, these crops will account for approximate to 80% of developing countries' cereal import requirements. Access to a range of genetic diversity is critical to the success of breeding programs. The global effort to assemble, document, and utilize these resources is enormous, and the genetic diversity in the collections is critical to the world's fight against hunger. The introgression of genes that reduced plant height and increased disease and viral resistance in wheat provided the foundation for the "Green Revolution" and demonstrated the tremendous impact that genetic resources can have on production. Wheat hybrids and synthetics may provide the yield increases needed in the future. A wild relative of maize, Tripsacum, represents an untapped genetic resource for abiotic and biotic stress resistance and for apomixis, a trait that could provide developing world farmers access to hybrid technology. Ownership of genetic resources and genes must be resolved to ensure global access to these critical resources. The application of molecular and genetic engineering technologies enhances the use of genetic resources. The effective and complementary use of all of our technological tools and resources will be required for meeting the challenge posed by the world's expanding demand for food.