A prospective study of coffee drinking and suicide in women.
A prospective study of coffee drinking and suicide in women.
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DOI：
10.1001/archinte.1996.00440050067008
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发表时间：
1996-03
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ichiro Kawachi;W. C. Willett;G. Colditz;M. Stampfer;F. Speizer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ichiro Kawachi;W. C. Willett;G. Colditz;M. Stampfer;F. Speizer
研究背景长期摄入咖啡因对中枢神经系统的影响包括改善情绪。目的探讨咖啡和咖啡因摄入与自杀死亡风险的关系。方法：我们对86,626名1980年年龄在34 - 59岁的美国女性注册护士进行了一项为期10年的随访研究（1980 - 1990），这些护士没有诊断出冠心病、中风或癌症。关于咖啡和咖啡因摄入的信息是在1980年通过半定量食物频率调查问卷收集的。自杀死亡由医生审查死亡证明确定。结果在832704人年的观察中，共发生56例自杀。与不喝咖啡的女性相比，每天喝两到三杯咖啡的女性自杀的年龄调整相对风险为0.34(95%可信区间[CI， 0.17至0.68)，每天喝四杯或更多咖啡的女性自杀的年龄调整相对风险为0.42(95%可信区间[CI， 0.21至0.86])（线性趋势P = 0.002）。在调整了广泛的潜在混杂因素，包括吸烟习惯、酒精摄入、药物使用（安定和吩噻嗪）、合并症病史（高血压、高胆固醇血症或糖尿病）、婚姻状况和自我报告的压力后，这些结果基本保持不变。同样，各种来源的咖啡因摄入量与自杀风险之间也存在强烈的反比关系。结论：数据表明咖啡摄入量与自杀风险之间存在强烈的负相关关系。定期摄入咖啡或咖啡因是否对维持情绪或预防抑郁有临床意义，值得在临床试验和基于人群的前瞻性研究中进一步研究。
BACKGROUND Among the many reported central nervous system effects of long-term caffeine use is improvement in mood. OBJECTIVE To examine prospectively the relationship of coffee and caffeine intake to risk of death from suicide. METHODS We conducted a 10-year follow-up study (1980 to 1990) in an ongoing cohort of 86 626 US female registered nurses aged 34 to 59 years in 1980, who were free of diagnosed coronary heart disease, stroke, or cancer. Information on coffee and caffeine intake was collected by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire in 1980. Deaths from suicide were determined by physician review of death certificates. RESULTS Fifty-six cases of suicide occurred during 832 704 person-years of observation. Compared with non-drinkers of coffee, the age-adjusted relative risk of suicide in women who consumed two to three cups per day was 0.34 (95% confidence interval [CI, 0.17 to 0.68) and 0.42 (95% CI, 0.21 to 0.86) in women who consumed four or more cups per day (P for linear trend=.002). These findings remained essentially unchanged after adjusting for a broad range of potential confounding factors, including smoking habit, alcohol intake, medication use (diazepam and phenothiazine), history of comorbid disease (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, or diabetes), marital status, and self-reported stress. A strong inverse relationship was similarly found for caffeine intake from all sources and risk of suicide. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest a strong inverse association between coffee intake and risk of suicide. Whether regular intake of coffee or caffeine has clinically significant effects on the maintenance of affect or the prevention of depression merits further investigation in clinical trials and population-based prospective studies.