The susceptibility of species to extinctions in model communities
The susceptibility of species to extinctions in model communities
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DOI：
10.1016/j.baae.2011.09.002
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
de Castro, Francisco
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Binzer, Amrei;Brose, Ulrich;de Castro, Francisco
尽管一个物种从一个群落中消失有可能造成生物多样性的急剧下降，例如通过二级灭绝的级联，但人们对造成任何特定物种灭绝风险的因素知之甚少。在这里，我们扩展早期的建模方法，使用动态食物网模型，占自下而上，以及自上而下的影响。我们研究了影响物种灭绝风险和非持久性物种灭绝时间的因素，确定了影响物种灭绝风险的三个基本属性。灭绝风险最高的物种出生时具有（1）低能量输入（例如高营养水平），（2）对能量途径损失的敏感性（例如，猎物种类很少的专家）和（3）动态不稳定性（例如，低希尔指数和依赖均匀的能量通道时，以类似大小的猎物为食）。有趣的是，与实地研究不同，我们发现，影响物种灭绝风险的是营养水平，而不是物种的体重。另一方面，体重是决定物种灭绝时间的最重要因素，导致小物种首先死亡。这表明，在该领域的营养水平可能有更多的灭绝风险的影响比目前公认的。
Despite the fact that the loss of a species from a community has the potential to cause a dramatic decline in biodiversity, for example through cascades of secondary extinctions, little is known about the factors contributing to the extinction risk of any particular species. Here we expand earlier modeling approaches using a dynamic food-web model that accounts for bottom-up as well as top-down effects. We investigate what factors influence a species' extinction risk and time to extinction of the non-persistent species.We identified three basic properties that affect a species' risk of extinction. The highest extinction risk is born by species with (1) low energy input (e.g. high trophic level), (2) susceptibility to the loss of energy pathways (e.g. specialists with few prey species) and (3) dynamic instability (e.g. low Hill exponent and reliance on homogeneous energy channels when feeding on similarly sized prey).Interestingly, and different from field studies, we found that the trophic level and not the body mass of a species influences its extinction risk. On the other hand, body mass is the single most important factor determining the time to extinction of a species, resulting in small species dying first. This suggests that in the field the trophic level might have more influence on the extinction risk than presently recognized.