Islamization, Gentrification and Domestication: ‘A Girls’ Islamic Course' and Rural Muslims in Western Uttar Pradesh
Islamization, Gentrification and Domestication: ‘A Girls’ Islamic Course' and Rural Muslims in Western Uttar Pradesh
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伊斯兰化、绅士化和驯化：“女孩伊斯兰课程”和北方邦西部的农村穆斯林
作者：
P. Jeffery;R. Jeffery;C. Jeffrey
女童教育问题在印度北部一直备受争议，世纪后半叶和世纪初的争论至今仍在当代印度关于女童教育的争论中回响。在本文中，我们反映了当代西部北方邦（UP）的农村穆斯林女孩的教育，通过检查一个女孩的伊斯兰课程[Larkiyon kalmālmān课程]，用乌尔都语写的，并广泛使用在伊斯兰学校。首先，我们总结课程的中心主题：净化宗教实践;使端庄、自制、受人尊敬的女性远离下层社会;以及女性作为称职的家庭主妇的关键作用。第二部分注意到这些主题与19世纪和20世纪初为女孩和妇女编写的教科书和咨询手册中的主题有着明显的相似之处，然后考察了早期类型出现的背景。最后，我们回到今天。特别是自2001年9月11日以来，伊斯兰学校发现自己成为敌对指控的焦点，这些指控与我们研究的伊斯兰学校的活动几乎没有关系。然而，伊斯兰学校教育确实有问题。针对女孩的特殊课程展示了一种特殊的精英项目是如何持续和转变的，我们的目标是揭示当代社区和阶级问题以及性别政治。
Girls' education has been enduringly controversial in north India, and the disputes of the second half of the nineteenth century and early twentieth century still echo in debates about girls' education in contemporary India. In this paper, we reflect on the education of rural Muslim girls in contemporary western Uttar Pradesh (UP), by examining an Islamic course for girls [Larkiyon kā Islālmī Course], written in Urdu and widely used in madrasahs there. First, we summarize the central themes in the Course: purifying religious practice; distancing demure, self-controlled, respectable woman from the lower orders; and the crucial role of women as competent homemakers. Having noted the conspicuous similarities between these themes and those in the nineteenth and early twentieth-century textbooks and advice manuals for girls and women, the second section examines the context in which the earlier genre emerged. Finally, we return to the present day. Particularly since September 11th 2001, madrasahs have found themselves the focus of hostile allegations that bear little or no relationship to the activities of the madrasahs that we studied. Nevertheless, madrasah education does have problematic implications. The special curricula for girls exemplifies how a particular kind of élite project has been sustained and transformed, and we aim to shed light on contemporary communal and class issues as well as on gender politics.