Excess phosphorus from compost applications in urban gardens creates potential pollution hotspots

Excess phosphorus from compost applications in urban gardens creates potential pollution hotspots
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城市花园堆肥中过量的磷造成潜在的污染热点

DOI:
10.1088/2515-7620/ab3b8c
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Kay, Adam
Kay, Adam
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Small, Gaston;Shrestha, Paliza;Metson, Geneviève Suzanne;Polsky, Katherine;Jimenez, Ivan;Kay, Adam

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城市可持续性倡议通常包括增加当地粮食生产、通过回收有机废物关闭营养循环以及减少水污染等目标。然而,在这些预期成果之间存在着可能制约进展的潜在权衡。例如,如果养分循环效率低下,扩大城市农业生产可能会造成养分污染热点。我们使用园丁和城市农民的调查数据,从双子城大都市区(明尼苏达州,美国),以表征磷(P)和氮(N)的投入和收获,以确定养分利用效率,并测量土壤磷浓度在这些网站的子集,以测试是否过量的土壤磷是常见的。所有调查对象(n= 142)都报告使用某种形式的土壤改良剂,其中植物堆肥最为常见。中位施用量为300 kg P/ha和1400 kg N/ha。中位养分利用效率较低(2.5%的P,5.0%的N),只有一个弱的正相关关系P和N的投入和P和N收获的作物生物量。花园土壤的中值Bray P值为80 ppm,表明植物有效P的积累远远超过推荐水平。我们的研究结果表明,城市花园的特点是高养分输入和这些养分转化为作物的效率低下,导致积累和潜在的损失的P和N从花园土壤。虽然城市花园仅占双子城土地面积的0.1%,但堆肥应用于这些城市花园仍然是流域最大的P输入之一。为了最大限度地扩大城市农业的预期成果,有必要根据土壤养分水平和作物养分需求确定土壤改良剂的目标。
Urban sustainability initiatives often encompass such goals as increasing local food production, closing nutrient loops through recycling organic waste, and reducing water pollution. However, there are potential tradeoffs among these desired outcomes that may constrain progress. For example, expansion of urban agriculture for food production may create hotspots of nutrient pollution if nutrient recycling is inefficient. We used gardener and urban farmer survey data from the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area (Minnesota, USA) to characterize phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) inputs and harvest in order to determine nutrient use efficiencies, and measured soil P concentrations at a subset of these sites to test whether excess soil P was common. All survey respondents (n= 142) reported using some form of soil amendment, with plant-based composts being the most common. Median application rates were 300 kg P/ha and 1400 kg N/ha. Median nutrient use efficiencies were low (2.5% for P, 5.0% for N) and there was only a weak positive relationship between P and N inputs and P and N harvested in crop biomass. Garden soils had a median Bray P value of 80 ppm, showing a buildup of plant-available P far exceeding recommended levels. Our results show that urban gardens are characterized by high nutrient inputs and inefficient conversion of these nutrients into crops, leading to buildup and potential loss of P and N from garden soils. Although urban gardens make up only 0.1% of land area in the Twin Cities, compost application to these urban gardens still constitutes one of the largest inputs of P to the watershed. In order to maximize desired outcomes from the expansion of urban agriculture (UA), it will be necessary to target soil amendments based on soil nutrient levels and crop nutrient demand.
DOI: 10.2495/dne-v13-n4-415-422
发表时间: 2018
影响因子: --
作者:
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发表时间: 2015
期刊: Urban Ecosystems
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期刊: ACM J. Data Inf. Qual.
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发表时间: 2007
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