Some central neural mechanisms governing resting and behaviorally coupled control of blood pressure.
Some central neural mechanisms governing resting and behaviorally coupled control of blood pressure.
复制标题
一些控制静息和行为耦合血压控制的中枢神经机制。
DOI：
10.3233/ves-2008-18405
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发表时间：
1987
期刊：
影响因子：
37.8
通讯作者：
Joseph E LeDoux
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Reis;Joseph E LeDoux
大脑中的系统通过维持生命、休息（滋补）水平和调节血压来控制血压，这些血压与局部血流的变化相关联，适当地与行为或环境刺激相结合。延髓内的神经元调节血压的滋补水平。关键神经元似乎与位于延髓吻侧腹侧的所谓C1组的含有肾上腺素的细胞相对应。这些也介导压力感受器反射反应。行为耦合的血压变化通常是高度刻板的，并根据动物和人类的行为而变化。这些反应性循环调节在很大程度上是由与髓质中枢协同工作的前脑区域介导的。一些最大的血压升高发生在对厌恶情绪唤起的反应中。在高血压动物和人类中，这种通常由脑干反射机制缓冲的变化被夸大了。在大鼠中，通过厌恶情绪调节调节血压对声刺激反应耦合的神经通路，包括通过初级听觉投射系统将感觉信号传递到内侧膝状体，然后将输入信号传递到皮层下的杏仁核。杏仁核，大概是通过与下丘脑的连接，并从那里到脑干或脊髓，控制着习得的情绪反应。这些发现表明，在情绪学习中，杏仁核有一个很大程度上未被认识到的感觉传递，这是首次证明了哺乳动物大脑中主要感觉系统和自主控制区域之间存在直接联系。
Systems in the brain control blood pressure by maintaining life-sustaining, resting (tonic) levels and adjusting blood pressure in association with changes in regional blood flow appropriately coupled to behavior or environmental stimulation. Tonic levels of blood pressure are mediated by neurons in the medulla oblongata. The critical neurons appear to correspond to the epinephrine-containing cells of the so-called C1 group located in the rostral ventral lateral medulla. These also mediate baroreceptor reflex responses. Behaviorally coupled changes in blood pressure are often highly stereotyped and vary depending on the behavior being performed in both animals and humans. These reactive circulatory adjustments are largely mediated by forebrain regions working in concert with the medullary centers. Some of the largest increases in blood pressure occur in response to aversive emotional arousal. In hypertensive animals and humans, such changes, which are normally buffered by reflex mechanisms in the brainstem, are exaggerated. In the rat, the neural pathway mediating the coupling, through aversive emotional conditioning, of blood pressure responses to acoustic stimuli involves the transmission of sensory signals through the primary auditory projection system to the medial geniculate body, where the input is then relayed subcortically to the amygdala. The amygdala, presumably by way of connections with the hypothalamus, and from there to the brainstem or spinal cord, controls the learned emotional response. These findings, which implicate a largely unrecognized sensory relay to the amygdala in emotional learning, represent the first demonstration of a direct link between primary sensory system and autonomic control regions in the mammalian brain.