The Effects of Body Mass on Immune Cell Concentrations of Mammals
The Effects of Body Mass on Immune Cell Concentrations of Mammals
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DOI：
10.1086/706235
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Martin, Lynn B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Downs, Cynthia J.;Dochtermann, Ned A.;Martin, Lynn B.
理论预测，体重应该会影响有机体进化和使用免疫防御的方式。我们研究了250多种陆生哺乳动物的体重与血液中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞浓度的关系。我们测试了现有的理论（例如，保护理论，免疫系统复杂性和代谢率）是否准确地预测了免疫细胞浓度的缩放。我们还评估了与社交、饮食、生活史和系统发育相关性相比，体重对这些白细胞浓度的预测能力。系统发育解释了170%的淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞变异，而体重似乎比其他种间性状变异更具信息量。在最佳拟合质量模型中，中性粒细胞与体重呈超对称（b = 0.11）比例，而淋巴细胞与体重呈浅等距比例。外推到细胞总数，这个指数意味着一头非洲象体内的中性粒细胞是一只家鼠的1330万倍，而它们的质量只相差25万倍。我们假设，如此高的中性粒细胞数量可能会抵消(i)大型动物面临的较高的寄生虫总体暴露和/或（ii）病原体对宿主细胞的较高相对复制能力。
Theory predicts that body mass should affect the way organisms evolve and use immune defenses. We investigated the relationship between body mass and blood neutrophil and lymphocyte concentrations among more than 250 terrestrial mammalian species. We tested whether existing theories (e.g., protecton theory, immune system complexity, and rate of metabolism) accurately predicted the scaling of immune cell concentrations. We also evaluated the predictive power of body mass for these leukocyte concentrations compared to sociality, diet, life history, and phylogenetic relatedness. Phylogeny explained 170% of variation in both lymphocytes and neutrophils, and body mass appeared more informative than other interspecific trait variation. In the best-fit mass-only model, neutrophils scaled hypermetrically (b = 0.11) with body mass, whereas lymphocytes scaled just shallow of isometrically. Extrapolating to total cell numbers, this exponent means that an African elephant circulates 13.3 million times the neutrophils of a house mouse, whereas their masses differ by only 250,000-fold. We hypothesize that such high neutrophil numbers might offset the (i) higher overall parasite exposure that large animals face and/or (ii) the higher relative replication capacities of pathogens to host cells.