Motor, cognitive, and affective areas of the cerebral cortex influence the adrenal medulla
Motor, cognitive, and affective areas of the cerebral cortex influence the adrenal medulla
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1605044113
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发表时间：
2016-08-30
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Strick, Peter L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dum, Richard P.;Levinthal, David J.;Strick, Peter L.
现代医学普遍对“心身”疾病的概念持怀疑态度。这一观点的出现部分是因为没有神经网络被认为是精神的，在概念上与大脑皮层有关，影响控制内脏器官的自主神经和内分泌系统。在这里，我们使用狂犬病病毒的跨神经元转运，以确定灵长类动物大脑皮层的区域，通过多突触连接与主要的交感神经效应器，肾上腺髓质。我们证明了两个广泛的网络在大脑皮质有机会到肾上腺髓质。更大的网络包括额叶的所有皮质运动区和部分躯体感觉皮质。该网络的主要组成部分来自大脑半球内侧壁上的辅助运动区和扣带运动区。这些皮质区域参与骨骼运动控制的各个方面，从反应选择到运动准备和运动执行。第二，较小的网络起源于内侧前额叶皮层，包括前扣带皮层的膝前和膝下区域的主要贡献。这些皮层区域涉及认知和情感的高级方面。这些结果表明，特定的多突触回路存在联系运动，认知，并影响肾上腺髓质的功能。这种神经回路可以调节慢性压力和抑郁等内部状态对器官功能的影响，从而为某些心身疾病提供具体的神经基础。
Modern medicine has generally viewed the concept of "psychosomatic" disease with suspicion. This view arose partly because no neural networks were known for the mind, conceptually associated with the cerebral cortex, to influence autonomic and endocrine systems that control internal organs. Here, we used transneuronal transport of rabies virus to identify the areas of the primate cerebral cortex that communicate through multisynaptic connections with a major sympathetic effector, the adrenal medulla. We demonstrate that two broad networks in the cerebral cortex have access to the adrenal medulla. The larger network includes all of the cortical motor areas in the frontal lobe and portions of somatosensory cortex. A major component of this network originates from the supplementary motor area and the cingulate motor areas on the medial wall of the hemisphere. These cortical areas are involved in all aspects of skeletomotor control from response selection to motor preparation and movement execution. The second, smaller network originates in regions of medial prefrontal cortex, including a major contribution from pregenual and subgenual regions of anterior cingulate cortex. These cortical areas are involved in higher-order aspects of cognition and affect. These results indicate that specific multisynaptic circuits exist to link movement, cognition, and affect to the function of the adrenal medulla. This circuitry may mediate the effects of internal states like chronic stress and depression on organ function and, thus, provide a concrete neural substrate for some psychosomatic illness.