Borneo and Indochina are Major Evolutionary Hotspots for Southeast Asian Biodiversity
Borneo and Indochina are Major Evolutionary Hotspots for Southeast Asian Biodiversity
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DOI：
10.1093/sysbio/syu047
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发表时间：
2014-11-01
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
von Rintelen, Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Bruyn, Mark;Stelbrink, Bjoern;von Rintelen, Thomas
热带东南亚蕴藏着极其丰富的物种，其整体构成了地球34个生物多样性热点中的4个。在这里，我们通过时间和空间来研究东南亚生物群的组装。我们对地质、气候和生物(包括61个系统发育)数据集进行荟萃分析，以检验哪些地区是东南亚长期生物多样性的来源，特别是在前中新世、中新世和上更新世，以及各自的生物群是否受到原位多样性、迁入和/或迁出或平衡动力学的主导。我们特别确定婆罗洲和印度支那是各种动植物的主要“进化热点”。尽管该区域的生物多样性大部分是移民聚集和就地多样化的结果，但至少自中新世早期以来，区域内多样化和随后的移民一直是印度支那和婆罗洲生物群的主要特征。相比之下，在爪哇等较年轻的火山活跃的新兴岛屿上，殖民事件相对较少，这些岛屿显示移民事件的水平有所增加。几乎没有观察到跨越华莱士线主要生物地理屏障的扩散事件。迫切需要加快努力保护婆罗洲的动植物，特别是目前拥有东南亚最丰富植物和哺乳动物物种的婆罗洲动植物。
Tropical Southeast (SE) Asia harbors extraordinary species richness and in its entirety comprises four of the Earth's 34 biodiversity hotspots. Here, we examine the assembly of the SE Asian biota through time and space. We conduct meta-analyses of geological, climatic, and biological (including 61 phylogenetic) data sets to test which areas have been the sources of long-term biological diversity in SE Asia, particularly in the pre-Miocene, Miocene, and Plio-Pleistocene, and whether the respective biota have been dominated by in situ diversification, immigration and/or emigration, or equilibrium dynamics. We identify Borneo and Indochina, in particular, as major "evolutionary hotspots" for a diverse range of fauna and flora. Although most of the region's biodiversity is a result of both the accumulation of immigrants and in situ diversification, within-area diversification and subsequent emigration have been the predominant signals characterizing Indochina and Borneo's biota since at least the early Miocene. In contrast, colonization events are comparatively rare from younger volcanically active emergent islands such as Java, which show increased levels of immigration events. Few dispersal events were observed across the major biogeographic barrier of Wallace's Line. Accelerated efforts to conserve Borneo's flora and fauna in particular, currently housing the highest levels of SE Asian plant and mammal species richness, are critically required.