THE MORPHOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF DIMORPHIC MALES IN PERDITA-PORTALIS (HYMENOPTERA, ANDRENIDAE)
THE MORPHOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF DIMORPHIC MALES IN PERDITA-PORTALIS (HYMENOPTERA, ANDRENIDAE)
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00163980
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发表时间：
1991-01-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
DANFORTH, BN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
DANFORTH, BN
在Perdita portalis，地面筑巢，公共蜜蜂，男性显然是二型的。这两种雄性变体很容易根据头部的大小和形状区分为：（1）具有飞行能力的小头（SH）变体，类似于其他密切相关物种的雄性;（2）不会飞的大头（LH）变体，具有许多衍生特征，如减少的复眼，扩大的面部凹和完全萎缩的间接飞行肌肉。SH变体只发生在花上，而LH变体只在有雌性的巢中发现。而在花上，SH男性是积极的，与同种男性和异性的男性和女性的战斗，他们经常与觅食的女性交配。使用人工观察巢放置在外地，我观察了女性和LH男性在其地下巢的行为。LH男性是积极的战士;男性攻击对方的下颚张开，和男性男性的战斗总是在一个男性死亡结束。LH雄性高度关注雌性的生殖行为;它们在细胞供应期间在开放细胞附近花费越来越多的时间，并且交配仅在产卵前立即发生，此时雌性正在将积累的花粉和花蜜形成一个球。根据在实验室中饲养到成年的幼虫，这两种雄性变体的比例相等。本文还讨论了近缘种，特别是得克萨斯大蠊的雄性行为，以及雄性二型性的起源和维持。
In Perdita portalis, a ground nesting, communal bee, males are clearly dimorphic. The two male morphs are easily distinguished based on head size and shape into (1) a flight-capable, small-headed (SH) morph that resembles the males of other closely related species and (2) a flightless, large-headed (LH) morph that possesses numerous derived traits, such as reduced compound eyes, enlarged facial foveae and fully atrophied indirect flight muscles. The SH morph occurs exclusively on flowers while the LH morph is found only in nests with females. While on flowers, SH males are aggressive, fighting with conspecific males and heterospecific male and female bees, and they mate frequently with foraging females. Using artificial observation nests placed in the field, I observed the behavior of females and LH males within their subterranean nests. LH males are aggressive fighters; males attacked each other with mandibles agape, and male-male fights always ended in the death of one male. LH males are highly attentive to the reproductive behavior of females; they spend increasing amounts of time near open cells during cell provisioning, and mating only takes place immediately prior to oviposition when females are forming the accumulated pollen and nectar into a ball. Based on larvae reared to adulthood in the laboratory, the two male morphs occur in equal proportions. The behavior of males in closely related species, especially P. texana, and the origin and maintenance of male dimorphism are discussed.