Forensic databases: benefits and ethical and social costs
Forensic databases: benefits and ethical and social costs
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DOI：
10.1093/bmb/ldm026
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Levitt, Mairi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Levitt, Mairi
简介：本文讨论了法医数据库中 DNA 的收集、存储和使用所引发的伦理、法律和社会问题。评论：英国国家 DNA 数据库 (NDNAD) 是世界上最大、最具包容性的法医数据库，引领了全球更大包容性的趋势。讨论了 NDNAD 的绩效、纳入标准、立法框架以及整合整个欧洲法医数据库的计划。与英国生物银行进行了比较，英国生物银行已经开始收集与医疗记录相关的 DNA 样本，与 NDNAD 不同的是，它需要志愿者的知情同意，允许提取样本，并且只包括成年人。在英国监控程度不断提高的背景下，讨论了与暴力和“反社会”行为相关的基因研究的潜在用途。 结论：不应认为法医数据库的好处一定会凌驾于社会和道德成本之上，无论纳入标准或样本和档案的允许使用如何变化。法医数据库的扩展引发了与医学界相关的问题。
Introduction: This article discusses ethical, legal and social issues raised by the collection, storage and use of DNA in forensic databases.Review: The largest and most inclusive forensic database in the world, the UK National DNA database (NDNAD), leads the worldwide trend towards greater inclusivity. The performance of the NDNAD, criteria for inclusion, legislative framework and plans for integrating forensic databases across Europe are discussed. Comparisons are drawn with UK biobank that has started collecting DNA samples linked to medical records and, unlike the NDNAD, requires informed consent from volunteers, allows withdrawal of samples and only includes adults. The potential uses of research into genes associated with violent and 'antisocial' behaviour are discussed in the context of an increasing degree of surveillance in the UK.Conclusion: It should not be assumed that the benefits of forensic databases will necessarily override the social and ethical costs, regardless of changes to the criteria for inclusion or the permitted uses of samples and profiles. The expansion of forensic databases raises issues of relevance to the medical profession.