Estimation of the distribution of intramuscular current during electrical stimulation of the quadriceps muscle
Estimation of the distribution of intramuscular current during electrical stimulation of the quadriceps muscle
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DOI：
10.1007/s00421-008-0700-3
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发表时间：
2008-06-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Laymon, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Petrofsky, Jerrold;Prowse, Michelle;Laymon, Michael
电刺激通常用于增强肌肉，但很少有证据表明，最佳的电极尺寸，波形，或频率应用。在电刺激四头肌时，对3名男性和3名女性（22-40岁）进行了检查。检查了两种自粘电极尺寸，2cm × 2cm和2cm × 4cm。采用方波和正弦波，电流分别为5、10和15 mA，脉冲宽度为100-500 μ s，对股四头肌进行电刺激。刺激频率分别为20、30和50 Hz。用表面电极在5个位置测量股四头肌上方皮肤上的电流，用针电极在同一块肌肉上的3个位置测量电流。在100-500 μ s范围内改变脉冲宽度，在20-50 Hz范围内改变频率，或在5 - 15 mA范围内改变电流，对皮肤或肌肉内的电流弥散没有影响。相反，电极之间的距离使电流在皮肤或肌肉上的分散发生了很大的变化。本研究中最重要的发现是，虽然正弦波刺激和方波刺激在皮肤表面上的电流弥散没有区别，但正弦波刺激比方波刺激在肌肉深处传递的电流明显更多。建议使用正弦波电刺激，电极分离距离小于15厘米，以实现深层肌肉刺激。
Electrical stimulation is commonly used for strengthening muscle but little evidence exists as to the optimal electrode size, waveform, or frequency to apply. Three male and three female subjects (22-40 years old) were examined during electrical stimulation of the quadriceps muscle. Two self adhesive electrode sizes were examined, 2 cm x 2 cm and 2 cm x 4 cm. Electrical stimulation was applied with square and sine waveforms, currents of 5, 10 and 15 mA, and pulse widths of 100-500 mu s above the quadriceps muscle. Frequencies of stimulation were 20, 30, and 50 Hz. Current on the skin above the quadriceps muscle was measured with surface electrodes at five positions and at three positions with needle electrodes in the same muscle. Altering pulse width in the range of 100-500 mu s, the frequency over a range of 20-50 Hz, or current from 5 to 15 mA had no effect on current dispersion either in the skin or within muscle. In contrast, the distance separating the electrodes caused large changes in current dispersion on the skin or into muscle. The most significant finding in the present investigation was that, while on the surface of the skin current dispersion was not different between sine and square wave stimulation, significantly more current was transferred deep in the muscle with sine versus square wave stimulation. The use of sine wave stimulation with electrode separation distances of less then 15 cm is recommended for electrical stimulation with a sine wave to achieve deep muscle stimulation.