Sessue Hayakawa: Silent Cinema and Transnational Stardom
Sessue Hayakawa: Silent Cinema and Transnational Stardom
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早川雪洲：无声电影与跨国明星
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发表时间：
2007
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通讯作者：
D. Miyao
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作者：
D. Miyao
演员早川雪洲（1886 - 1973）如今或许因在《桂河大桥》（1957）中饰演一名日本军官获得奥斯卡提名而为人们所熟知，但在20世纪初，他是一位国际知名的默片明星，与查理·卓别林或道格拉斯·范朋克一样家喻户晓。在这部对早川雪洲明星生涯的批判性研究中，弥生大辅重构了这位日本演员非凡的职业生涯，从他在塞西尔·B·戴米尔的《欺骗》（1915）中一举成名之前的电影，到他作为日场偶像的统治时期，以及他在好莱坞的命运随后的衰落和复兴。
弥生大辅利用20世纪初的英文和日文资料，包括美国的日文报纸，阐明了早川雪洲明星身份的构建和接受是一个跨文化协商的持续过程。早川雪洲的早期作品包括受美国观众喜爱的关于日本的短片，以及利用对日本民族主义的焦虑情绪的间谍片。杰西·L·拉斯基制片公司试图通过强调演员的日本特质，同时将他描绘成已安全融入美国文化的形象来塑造早川雪洲的形象。早川雪洲本人则在努力保持其令人同情的形象的同时，塑造更复杂的日本角色，以吸引美国和日本观众。这位明星最初在美国观众中的成功在日本引起了矛盾的态度，一些人说他被美国化得像个叛徒，另一些人则将他视为日本现代化的积极象征。这种独特的跨国默片明星历史关注种族、族裔和国籍影响全球电影产业早期发展的方式。
While the actor Sessue Hayakawa (1886–1973) is perhaps best known today for his Oscar-nominated turn as a Japanese military officer in The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957), in the early twentieth century he was an internationally renowned silent film star, as recognizable as Charlie Chaplin or Douglas Fairbanks. In this critical study of Hayakawa’s stardom, Daisuke Miyao reconstructs the Japanese actor’s remarkable career, from the films that preceded his meteoric rise to fame as the star of Cecil B. DeMille’s The Cheat (1915) through his reign as a matinee idol and the subsequent decline and resurrection of his Hollywood fortunes.
Drawing on early-twentieth-century sources in both English and Japanese, including Japanese-language newspapers in the United States, Miyao illuminates the construction and reception of Hayakawa’s stardom as an ongoing process of cross-cultural negotiation. Hayakawa’s early work included short films about Japan that were popular with American audiences as well as spy films that played upon anxieties about Japanese nationalism. The Jesse L. Lasky production company sought to shape Hayakawa’s image by emphasizing the actor’s Japanese traits while portraying him as safely assimilated into U.S. culture. Hayakawa himself struggled to maintain his sympathetic persona while creating more complex Japanese characters that would appeal to both American and Japanese audiences. The star’s initial success with U.S. audiences created ambivalence in Japan, where some described him as traitorously Americanized and others as a positive icon of modernized Japan. This unique history of transnational silent-film stardom focuses attention on the ways that race, ethnicity, and nationality influenced the early development of the global film industry.