Occurrence of and Dietary Exposure to Parabens in Foodstuffs from the United States
Occurrence of and Dietary Exposure to Parabens in Foodstuffs from the United States
复制标题
DOI：
10.1021/es400724s
复制
发表时间：
2013-04-16
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Kannan, Kurunthachalam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liao, Chunyang;Liu, Fang;Kannan, Kurunthachalam
对羟基苯甲酸酯是对羟基苯甲酸的酯，广泛用作化妆品、药品、食品（包括饮料）中的防腐剂。我们没有关于食物中含有对羟基苯甲酸酯，以及人类从食物中摄入这些化学品的资料。在这项研究中，从奥尔巴尼，纽约，美国，收集的食物样本（n = 267），分为8类，即饮料，乳制品，油脂，鱼类和贝类，谷物，肉类，水果和蔬菜，并分析了5个对羟基苯甲酸酯的高效液相色谱-串联质谱。大多数（>90%）食物样本含有可测量浓度的对羟基苯甲酸酯，总浓度（对羟基苯甲酸西格玛;五种对羟基苯甲酸酯的总和）范围从低于定量限到409纳克/克鲜重（平均值：9.67纳克/克;中位数：0.92纳克/克）。对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯是主要化合物，约占总浓度的90%。丁基-和苄基-对羟基苯甲酸酯较少检测。八种食物（包括罐头食品）中的对羟基苯甲酸酯浓度没有显著差异。根据测得的浓度和人均每日食物摄入率，我们估计了通过食物摄入对羟基苯甲酸酯的每日摄入量（EDI; ng/kg体重（bw）/天）。婴儿、幼儿、儿童、青少年和成人的总对羟基苯甲酸酯的EDI值（根据测量的平均浓度和食物的平均每日摄入率计算）分别为940、879、470、273和307纳克/千克体重/天。据我们所知，这是第一个研究报告的发生对羟基苯甲酸酯的食品。
Parabens are esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and are widely used as preservatives in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs, including beverages. Information on the occurrence of parabens in foodstuffs and dietary exposure of humans to these chemicals is not available. In this study, food samples (n = 267) collected from Albany, New York, United States, were grouped into eight categories, namely, beverages, dairy products, fats and oils, fish and shellfish, grains, meat, fruits, and vegetables, and analyzed for five parabens by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The majority (>90%) of food samples contained measurable concentrations of parabens, and the total concentrations (Sigma parabens; sum of five parabens) ranged from below the limit of quantitation to 409 ng/g fresh weight (mean: 9.67 ng/g; median: 0.92 ng/g). Methyl-, ethyl-, and propyl-parabens were the predominant compounds, accounting for, similar to 90% of the total concentrations. Butyl- and benzyl-parabens were less frequently detected. There were no significant differences in paraben concentrations among the eight food categories, including the canned foods. On the basis of the concentrations measured and per capita daily ingestion rates of foods, we estimated the daily intake (EDI; ng/kg of body weight (bw)/day)) of parabens through food ingestion. The EDI values of total parabens (calculated from the mean concentrations measured and the mean daily ingestion rates of food items) were 940, 879, 470, 273, and 307 ng/kg bw/day for infants, toddlers, children, teenagers, and adults, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the occurrence of parabens in foodstuffs.