Affordability of beer and soft drinks in 15 Latin American countries
Affordability of beer and soft drinks in 15 Latin American countries
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DOI：
10.26633/rpsp.2018.49
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Pincheira, Pablo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Paraje, Guillermo;Pincheira, Pablo
目标。这项研究的目的是观察15个拉丁美洲国家的啤酒和软饮料的可负担性趋势。这些数据对应于与啤酒和软饮料价格指数、消费者价格指数以及基于月度频率的名义工资指数有关的政府统计数据。这些方法包括使用时间序列进行计量分析，以衡量软饮料和啤酒的绝对可负担性指标(使用名义价格)或相对可负担性指标(使用一般价格)的预期增长率。在分析的15个国家中，有9个国家的软饮料或啤酒(无论是绝对的还是相对的)的可负担性在统计上都有显著提高。在软饮料方面，五个国家(智利、哥伦比亚、哥斯达黎加、厄瓜多尔和乌拉圭)的绝对可负担性增加，墨西哥的绝对可负担性下降。在啤酒方面，哥伦比亚和厄瓜多尔上升，阿根廷、巴西、智利、哥斯达黎加和乌拉圭保持不变，墨西哥下降。尽管大多数国家对啤酒和软饮料征税，但这种税收对价格的影响并不足以降低样本中所有国家对这些产品的负担能力。应该修改税收，使这些饮料更容易负担得起，并对其消费产生影响。
Objective. The objective of this study was to look at trends in the affordability of beer and soft drinks in 15 Latin American countries.Methods. The data correspond to government statistics pertaining to price indices for beer and soft drinks, the consumer price index, and the nominal wage index based on monthly frequency. The methods involved the performance of an econometric analysis, using time series, to measure the expected rate of increase in the absolute affordability indicator (using nominal prices) or the relative affordability indicator (using general prices) for soft drinks and beers.Results. In nine of the 15 countries analyzed, the affordability of soft drinks or beer (whether absolute or relative) has shown a statistically significant increase. In the case of soft drinks, absolute affordability increased in five countries (Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Uruguay) and decreased in Mexico. In the case of beer, it increased in Colombia and Ecuador, remained unchanged in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, and Uruguay, and dropped in Mexico.Conclusions. Although most countries levy taxes on beer and soft drinks, the effect of such taxes on price has not been enough to reduce the affordability of these products in all countries in the sample. Taxes should be modified to make these beverages less affordable and have an impact on their consumption.