Forest Fragmentation and Biodiversity Conservation in Human-dominated Landscapes
Forest Fragmentation and Biodiversity Conservation in Human-dominated Landscapes
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DOI：
10.1079/9781780642031.0028
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Döbert;B. L. Webber;A. Barnes;K. Dickinson;R. Didham
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Döbert;B. L. Webber;A. Barnes;K. Dickinson;R. Didham
森林生物多样性的未来越来越取决于物种能否在人类土地用途错综复杂的孤立森林遗迹中生存下去。我们审查的影响，森林损失，栖息地退化和改变景观的空间结构的连接和人口的持续性在破碎化景观。保护管理才刚刚开始着手处理所面临的挑战，从传统的集中在宪报公布的自然保护区的保护方法转向集中在包括管理和半自然栖息地在内的马赛克中保护生物多样性的方法。争论的焦点是退化的森林系统是否有能力可持续地支持森林的特殊物种，以及传统的物种-面积方法在预测生物多样性损失关系时是否有用，而没有适当考虑到物种对景观基质质量和边缘效应的不同反应。毫无疑问，一些对地区敏感和对干扰敏感的物种需要大面积的原始森林来确保种群的持续存在，但正在形成的共识是，生物多样性的维持将同样、甚至更多地取决于原始森林残余周围退化基质内景观进程的范围、规模和空间结构。因此，生物多样性保护必须重新关注斑块和景观过程之间的相互作用，而不是斑块过程本身。这将需要更有效地区分生境总丧失、生境质量下降和适当生境空间结构改变作为支离破碎的森林景观中生物多样性丧失的机械驱动因素的相对重要性。
The future of forest biodiversity is increasingly dependent on the ability of species to persist in isolated forest remnants embedded within a mosaic of human land uses. We review the impacts of forest loss, habitat degradation and alteration of the spatial structure of the landscape on connectivity and population persistence in fragmented landscapes. Conservation management is just beginning to come to grips with the challenges faced in moving away from the traditional patch-focused approach of conservation in gazetted nature reserves towards a landscape-focused approach of conserving biodiversity in a mosaic that includes managed and semi-natural habitats. Contentious debate has centred on the ability of degraded forest systems to sustainably support forest specialist species, and the utility of traditional species–area approaches to predict biodiversity loss relationships without appropriately accounting for varying species responses to landscape matrix quality and edge effects. While there is no doubt that some area-sensitive and disturbance-sensitive species require large areas of primary forest to ensure population persistence, there is an emerging consensus that the maintenance of biodiversity will depend as much, if not more, on the extent, magnitude and spatial structuring of landscape processes within the degraded matrix surrounding primary forest remnants. Accordingly, biodiversity conservation must refocus more on the interaction between patch and landscape processes than on patch processes per se. This will demand more effective discrimination of the relative importance of total habitat loss, declining habitat quality and altered spatial structuring of suitable habitat as mechanistic drivers of biodiversity loss in fragmented forest landscapes.