One hundred years of advances in volcano seismology and acoustics

One hundred years of advances in volcano seismology and acoustics
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火山地震学和声学一百年来的进步

DOI:
10.1007/s00445-022-01586-0
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Roman, Diana C.
Roman, Diana C.
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Matoza, Robin S.;Roman, Diana C.

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自1919年国际火山学和地球内部化学协会(IAVCEI)成立以来,火山地震学和声学领域在仪器和技术方面取得了巨大进步,并且在对火山地震声源过程和火山内部结构的理解方面发生了范式转变。20世纪早期的一些火山学研究同样重视气压计(次声和声重力波)和地震仪观测,但火山地震学迅速超过了火山声学,成为标准的地球物理火山监测工具。例如,20世纪50年代在日本、菲律宾、俄罗斯和夏威夷的火山上建立了永久地震台网,70年代在阿拉斯加建立了永久地震台网。具有社会后果的大型火山爆发通常催化了新的地震仪器的实施,并导致研究方法的操作化。地震数据现在构成了全球大多数当地地面火山监测网络的支柱,在了解火山如何工作方面发挥着关键作用。计算机革命使越来越复杂的数据处理和源建模成为可能,并在20世纪90年代左右促进了向连续数字波形记录的过渡。在20世纪70年代和80年代,出现了流体驱动裂缝和管道中的长周期(LP)事件和震颤源的定量模型。从20世纪70年代开始,早期的火山构造地震群模型利用裂缝尖端应力扩展到将应力传递到承压岩壁。20世纪90年代首次在火山上部署宽带地震仪器和次声传感器,发现了新的信号和现象。次声技术发展迅速;信号处理、分析和反演;大气传播模型现在已经确定了区域性(15-250公里)和远程(50 - 250公里)地基声系统在火山监测中的作用。通过完整喷发周期的火山-地震不稳定的长期记录提供了对岩浆运输和喷发过程的深入了解,并提供了越来越复杂的预测。实验室和数值实验正在阐明火山流体系统中的地震声源过程,并且由于利用低功耗、紧凑宽带和节点技术的日益密集的地球物理场部署,在观测上受到限制。近年来,火山大地测量学、地震学和声学(包括大气次声和海洋水声)领域日益融合。尽管在过去的一个世纪里取得了巨大的进展,但主要的问题仍然存在于源过程、火山-地震不稳定的模式、火山内部结构以及地震不稳定与火山过程之间的关系。
Since the 1919 foundation of the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior (IAVCEI), the fields of volcano seismology and acoustics have seen dramatic advances in instrumentation and techniques, and have undergone paradigm shifts in the understanding of volcanic seismo-acoustic source processes and internal volcanic structure. Some early twentieth-century volcanological studies gave equal emphasis to barograph (infrasound and acoustic-gravity wave) and seismograph observations, but volcano seismology rapidly outpaced volcano acoustics and became the standard geophysical volcano-monitoring tool. Permanent seismic networks were established on volcanoes (for example) in Japan, the Philippines, Russia, and Hawai‘i by the 1950s, and in Alaska by the 1970s. Large eruptions with societal consequences generally catalyzed the implementation of new seismic instrumentation and led to operationalization of research methodologies. Seismic data now form the backbone of most local ground-based volcano monitoring networks worldwide and play a critical role in understanding how volcanoes work. The computer revolution enabled increasingly sophisticated data processing and source modeling, and facilitated the transition to continuous digital waveform recording by about the 1990s. In the 1970s and 1980s, quantitative models emerged for long-period (LP) event and tremor sources in fluid-driven cracks and conduits. Beginning in the 1970s, early models for volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquake swarms invoking crack tip stresses expanded to involve stress transfer into the wall rocks of pressurized dikes. The first deployments of broadband seismic instrumentation and infrasound sensors on volcanoes in the 1990s led to discoveries of new signals and phenomena. Rapid advances in infrasound technology; signal processing, analysis, and inversion; and atmospheric propagation modeling have now established the role of regional (15–250 km) and remote (> 250 km) ground-based acoustic systems in volcano monitoring. Long-term records of volcano-seismic unrest through full eruptive cycles are providing insight into magma transport and eruption processes and increasingly sophisticated forecasts. Laboratory and numerical experiments are elucidating seismo-acoustic source processes in volcanic fluid systems, and are observationally constrained by increasingly dense geophysical field deployments taking advantage of low-power, compact broadband, and nodal technologies. In recent years, the fields of volcano geodesy, seismology, and acoustics (both atmospheric infrasound and ocean hydroacoustics) are increasingly merging. Despite vast progress over the past century, major questions remain regarding source processes, patterns of volcano-seismic unrest, internal volcanic structure, and the relationship between seismic unrest and volcanic processes.
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