The fate of Lyngbya majuscula toxins in three potential consumers
The fate of Lyngbya majuscula toxins in three potential consumers
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DOI：
10.1007/s10886-005-5800-5
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发表时间：
2005-07-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Shaw, GR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Capper, A;Tibbetts, IR;Shaw, GR
据报道，在过去十年中，澳大利亚摩顿湾的大叶蛱蝶（Lyngbya majuscula）开花的频率和严重程度不断增加。人们观察到许多食草动物以这种有毒的蓝藻为食。研究了两种无翅目动物（Stylocheilus striatus、Bursatella leachii 和 cephalaspidean Diniatys dentifer）中 L. majuscula 封存有毒化合物的差异。以 L. majuscula 单一饮食为食的物种在其组织和排泄物中的毒素分布不同。与身体分泌物（墨水 0.12 mg/kg-1；粪便 0.56 mg/kg(-1)；鸡蛋 0.05 mg/kg(-1)）相比，纹状链鱼体内的 lyngbyatoxin-a 浓度较高（3.94 mg/kg(-1)）。相比之下，B. leachii 分泌的 lyngbyatoxin-a 浓度（墨水 5.41 mg/kg(-1)；粪便 6.71 mg/kg(-1)）比体内储存的浓度（2.24 mg/kg(-1)）更高。 lyngbyatoxin-a 和 debromoaplysiatoxin 的主要内部储存库是 S. striatus (6.31 +/- 0.31 mg/kg(-1)) 和 B. leachii (156.39 +/- 46.92 mg/kg(-1)) 的消化腺。 D. dentifer 在隔离化合物的分布上表现出高度的变异性。在消化腺中检出Lyngbyatoxin-a (3.56 +/- 3.56 mg/kg(-1))，但在头和足中未检出；在头和足中检出去溴海螺毒素(133.73 +/- 129.82 mg/kg(-1))，但在消化腺中未检出。这些动物中隔离的次生代谢物的浓度与在这些实验中用作食物的 L. majuscula 中发现的浓度不符，这表明它可能来自之前的饮食暴露。去溴海螺毒素从 L. majuscula 向 S. striatus 的营养转移已得到充分证实；然而，其他食草动物却缺乏相关知识。在无孔类和头孔类物种中观察到的高水平次生代谢物表明这些毒素可能通过海洋食物链进行生物累积。
Blooms of Lyngbya majuscula have been reported with increasing frequency and severity in the last decade in Moreton Bay, Australia. A number of grazers have been observed feeding upon this toxic cyanobacterium. Differences in sequestration of toxic compounds from L. majuscula were investigated in two anaspideans, Stylocheilus striatus, Bursatella leachii, and the cephalaspidean Diniatys dentifer. Species fed a monospecific diet of L. majuscula had different toxin distribution in their tissues and excretions. A high concentration of lyngbyatoxin-a was observed in the body of S. striatus (3.94 mg/kg(-1)) compared to bodily secretions (ink 0.12 mg/kg- 1; fecal matter 0.56 mg/kg(-1); eggs 0.05 mg/kg(-1)). In contrast, B. leachii secreted greater concentrations of lyngbyatoxin-a (ink 5.41 mg/kg(-1); fecal matter 6.71 mg/kg(-1)) than that stored in the body (2.24 mg/kg(-1)). The major internal repository of lyngbyatoxin-a and debromoaplysiatoxin was the digestive gland for both S. striatus (6.31 +/- 0.31 mg/kg(-1)) and B. leachii (156.39 +/- 46.92 mg/kg(-1)). D. dentifer showed high variability in the distribution of sequestered compounds. Lyngbyatoxin-a was detected in the digestive gland (3.56 +/- 3.56 mg/kg(-1)) but not in the head and foot, while debromoaplysiatoxin was detected in the head and foot (133.73 +/- 129.82 mg/kg(-1)) but not in the digestive gland. The concentrations of sequestered secondary metabolites in these animals did not correspond to the concentrations found in L. majuscula used as food for these experiments, suggesting it may have been from previous dietary exposure. Trophic transfer of debromoaplysiatoxin from L. majuscula into S. striatus is well established; however, a lack of knowledge exists for other grazers. The high levels of secondary metabolites observed in both the anaspidean and the cephalapsidean species suggest that these toxins may bioaccumulate through marine food chains.