Laboratory culture of the California Sea Firefly Vargula tsujii (Ostracoda: Cypridinidae): Developing a model system for the evolution of marine bioluminescence
Laboratory culture of the California Sea Firefly Vargula tsujii (Ostracoda: Cypridinidae): Developing a model system for the evolution of marine bioluminescence
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-020-67209-w
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发表时间：
2020-06-26
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Oakley, Todd H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goodheart, Jessica A.;Minsky, Geetanjali;Oakley, Todd H.
生物发光，或生物体通过化学反应产生的光，在后生动物中广泛存在。实验室培养不同分类群的生物发光生物对于确定生物发光底物的生物合成途径非常重要，这可能会导致生物技术和生物医学的新工具。一些生物发光的群体可以培养，包括一些刺胞动物，栉水母，和脆星，但那些使用从他们的饮食中获得的发光底物（发光蛋白），因此没有信息的测定发光蛋白的生物合成途径。其他种类的萤火虫，包括陆生萤火虫，也会合成它们自己的萤火虫蛋白，但培养它们很困难，萤火虫萤火虫蛋白的生物合成途径仍然不清楚。内源性生物发光的另一个独立起源是在介形类中发现的，介形类来自Cypridinidae家族，它们利用发光进行防御，在加勒比海物种中，用于求偶展示。在这里，我们报告的第一个完整的生活史的发光介形虫（Vargula tsujii Kornicker & Baker，1977年，加州海萤火虫）在实验室中。本文还描述了津氏瓦蛾的后期胚胎发生，并讨论了各龄期发育的大小级。我们发现在V. tsujii的胚胎发生范围为25-38天，这个物种似乎有五个龄期，与其他Cypridinid谱系的个体发育一致。我们估计一个完整的生命周期为3-4个月。我们还提出了第一个完整的线粒体基因组Vargulatsujii。将发光介形虫带入实验室培养为许多潜在的研究途径奠定了基础，包括学习cypridinid cypridin的生物合成途径和自生生物发光系统的基因组操作。
Bioluminescence, or the production of light by living organisms via chemical reaction, is widespread across Metazoa. Laboratory culture of bioluminescent organisms from diverse taxonomic groups is important for determining the biosynthetic pathways of bioluminescent substrates, which may lead to new tools for biotechnology and biomedicine. Some bioluminescent groups may be cultured, including some cnidarians, ctenophores, and brittle stars, but those use luminescent substrates (luciferins) obtained from their diets, and therefore are not informative for determination of the biosynthetic pathways of the luciferins. Other groups, including terrestrial fireflies, do synthesize their own luciferin, but culturing them is difficult and the biosynthetic pathway for firefly luciferin remains unclear. An additional independent origin of endogenous bioluminescence is found within ostracods from the family Cypridinidae, which use their luminescence for defense and, in Caribbean species, for courtship displays. Here, we report the first complete life cycle of a luminous ostracod (Vargula tsujii Kornicker & Baker, 1977, the California Sea Firefly) in the laboratory. We also describe the late-stage embryogenesis of Vargula tsujii and discuss the size classes of instar development. We find embryogenesis in V. tsujii ranges from 25-38 days, and this species appears to have five instar stages, consistent with ontogeny in other cypridinid lineages. We estimate a complete life cycle at 3-4 months. We also present the first complete mitochondrial genome for Vargula tsujii. Bringing a luminous ostracod into laboratory culture sets the stage for many potential avenues of study, including learning the biosynthetic pathway of cypridinid luciferin and genomic manipulation of an autogenic bioluminescent system.