Identification of risk groups for oral precancer and cancer and preventive measures.
Identification of risk groups for oral precancer and cancer and preventive measures.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00784-001-0132-5
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发表时间：
2001-12-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Reichart, P A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reichart, P A
口腔鳞状细胞癌是人体十大最常见的癌症之一。口腔癌的患病率随着年龄的增长而增加，在男性中更为常见。近年来，口腔癌在年轻人中的发病率和流行率有所上升。口腔白斑的患病率在世界各地有所不同。在德国最近的一项研究中，男性的患病率为2.3%，女性为0.9%。烟草和酒精仍然是口腔癌和癌前病变的主要病因。饮食因素似乎在预防口腔癌前病变和癌症方面很重要，最近的一些研究已经证明了这一点。水果和蔬菜中含有的抗氧化剂似乎有预防作用。预防口腔癌前病变和癌症可分为一级、二级或三级预防。初级预防的重点是消除危险因素（烟草、酒精），迄今为止，它在预防口腔癌前病变和癌症方面一直被广泛忽视。牙科小组必须参与初级预防，以减少烟草使用者的数量，帮助吸烟者放弃吸烟习惯，防止非吸烟者接触被动吸烟，并说服人们放弃与使用烟草有关的其他口腔习惯。
Oral squamous cell carcinoma is one of the ten most common cancers of the body. Prevalence of oral cancer increases with age and is more common in men. In recent years a rise in incidence and prevalence of oral cancer among younger persons has been described. The prevalence of oral leukoplakia differs worldwide. In a recent German study the prevalence for men was 2.3%, for women 0.9%. Tobacco and alcohol remain the primary factors in the etiology of oral cancer and precancer. Dietary factors seem to be important in the prevention of oral precancer and cancer as has been shown in a number of recent studies. Antioxidants which are contained in fruits and vegetables seem to have a preventive effect. Prevention of oral precancer and cancer may be exerted as primary, secondary or tertiary prevention. Primary prevention is focused on elimination of risk factors (tobacco, alcohol), and has widely been neglected for the prevention of oral precancer and cancer until now. The dental team has to be involved in primary prevention to reduce the number of tobacco users, to help smokers to give up their smoking habits, to keep non-smokers from being exposed to passive smoking and to convince people to give up other oral habits which are associated with the use of tobacco.