WHO SHOULD GET WHAT - FAIRNESS JUDGMENTS OF DISTRIBUTION OF EARNINGS
WHO SHOULD GET WHAT - FAIRNESS JUDGMENTS OF DISTRIBUTION OF EARNINGS
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DOI：
10.1086/226826
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发表时间：
1978-01-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
ROSSI, PH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ALVES, WM;ROSSI, PH
以前的分配正义研究传统假设存在一种规范结构，用于判断社会物品（如收入）分配的公平性。在美国民众中是否存在一个共识性的规范框架来判断收入分配的公平性？关于收益分配的普遍判断依据是什么原则？数据表明，对收益公平性的判断并不是特殊的，而是涉及个人和群体的差异，这些差异与功绩和需要的考虑有关。注意到对家庭之间收入差异的一些容忍，并且考虑到收入公平判断的相同因素证明收入被认为是公平的。对于哪些原则与盈余公平性判断相关，存在相当大的共识，而对于如何在实践中应用这些标准，存在分歧。显然，盈利判断的标准既来自盈利的经验分配概念，也来自关于公平和公正的基本价值观。
Previous traditions of distributive-justice research assume the existence of a normative structure for making judgments about fairness of allocations of social goods, such as earnings. Does a consensual normative framework for judging the fairness of distributions of earnings exist in the U.S. population? What principles underlie popular judgments concerning earnings distributions? Data indicate both that judgments of earnings fairness are not idiosyncratic and that they involve individual and group differences related to considerations of merit and need. Some tolerance for variation in earnings among house-holds is noted, and the same factors accounting for earnings-fairness judgments justify earnings considered fair. Considerable agreement exists concerning what principles are relevant to earnings-fairness judgments, while disagreement concerning how to apply these standards in practice is admitted. Apparently the standards for earnings judgments derive both from conceptions of the empirical distribution of earnings and from underlying values concerning what is fair and just.