Mary Lyon: A Tribute.
Mary Lyon: A Tribute.
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玛丽·里昂：致敬。
DOI：
10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.09.002
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Mueller,JacobL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kalantry,Sundeep;Mueller,JacobL
玛丽·里昂于2014年圣诞节去世，享年89岁。Mary Lyon以x染色体失活假说而闻名，她是遗传学家的先驱，她的发现和合成在我们对哺乳动物发育和疾病的理解上留下了持久的印记（图1）。她是1986年威廉·艾伦奖的获得者，这是美国人类遗传学学会颁发的最负盛名的奖项。玛丽·里昂1925年出生于英国诺维奇。当她还是伯明翰爱德华七世国王学校的一名中学生时，她对生物学产生了兴趣。后来，尽管由于空袭和二战期间专业教师的缺乏造成了困难，里昂还是通过了剑桥大学的入学考试，进入了剑桥大学的格顿学院。里昂被剑桥录取更令人印象深刻，因为当时女性只占学生总数的10%左右。在剑桥，里昂学习动物学，并于1946年毕业，获得了一个“名义上的”学位，因为当时女性不被认为是大学的正式成员（1998年，在一个特殊的仪式上，剑桥授予她文学学士学位）。在剑桥读书时，里昂开始对基因调控作为胚胎发育的基础产生了兴趣。里昂与剑桥大学（Cambridge University）遗传学教授、种群遗传学领域的联合创始人RA Fisher合作，攻读正在发展中的小鼠遗传学学科的博士学位。里昂发现她在那里的经历并不令人满意，于是转到爱丁堡大学，加入了由著名胚胎学家康拉德·h·沃丁顿领导的动物遗传学研究所。1950年，她跟随道格拉斯·法尔科纳在爱丁堡完成博士学位后，继续在托比·卡特的小组工作，研究辐射对小鼠的遗传性诱变效应。为了寻找更多的老鼠空间，1954年，卡特将他的团队搬到了医学研究委员会（MRC）资助的哈维尔放射生物学部门。尽管里昂对辐射引起小鼠突变的研究引起了人们的极大兴趣，但她在发育遗传学方面的研究产生了持久的影响。在MRC Harwell，大量的辐射诱导和自发产生的小鼠突变体与里昂对发育遗传学的兴趣相吻合。事实上，一种这样的突变菌株，斑驳的，在里昂的x失活假说的公式中起了重要作用。矛盾的是，斑驳的突变表型出现在男性身上。而斑驳雄性的一些细胞携带
Mary Lyon passed away on Christmas Day, 2014, at the age of 89. Best known for the X-chromosome-inactivation hypothesis, Mary Lyon was a pioneering geneticist whose findings and syntheses have left a lasting imprint on our understanding of mammalian development and disease (Figure 1). She was the recipient of the 1986 William Allan Award, 1 the most prestigious prize given by the American Society of Human Genetics.Mary Lyon was born in 1925 in Norwich, England. Her interest in biology arose while she was a secondary school student at King Edward VII School in Birmingham. Later, despite difficulties posed as a result of air raids and a scarcity of specialist teachers during World War II, Lyon passed the University of Cambridge entrance examination and entered Girton College at Cambridge. Lyon’s admission into Cambridge was all the more impressive because at the time, women constituted only~ 10% of the entire student populace. At Cambridge, Lyon studied zoology and graduated in 1946 with a ‘‘titular’’degree, given that women were not considered official members of the university then (in 1998, in a special ceremony, Cambridge awarded her a BA). It was as a student at Cambridge that Lyon became intrigued by genetic regulation as the basis of embryonic development. Lyon worked with RA Fisher, a professor of genetics at Cambridge University and cofounder of the field of population genetics, to pursue a Ph. D. in the growing discipline of mouse genetics. Finding her experience there unsatisfactory, Lyon transferred to the University of Edinburgh and joined the Institute of Animal Genetics, headed by the eminent embryologist Conrad H. Waddington. After completing her Ph. D. in Edinburgh with Douglas Falconer in 1950, she stayed on to work in Toby Carter’s group to investigate the heritable mutagenic effects of radiation through mice. In search of more mouse space, in 1954 Carter moved his group to the Medical Research Council (MRC)-funded Radiobiology Unit at Harwell. Although Lyon’s studies on mutations induced by radiation in mice garnered much interest, her studies in developmental genetics were what had a lasting impact. The abundance of radiation-induced and spontaneously arising mouse mutants at MRC Harwell dovetailed with Lyon’s interest in developmental genetics. In fact, one such mutant strain, mottled, 2 was instrumental in Lyon’s formulation of the X-inactivation hypothesis. 3 The mottled mutant phenotype, paradoxically, arose in a male. Whereas some cells in the mottled male carried the
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2004
期刊：
Zeitschrift für Vererbungslehre
影响因子：
--
作者：
B. Cattanach
通讯作者：
B. Cattanach
小鼠染色体某一区域的重复突变。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1950
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
L. C. Dunn;S. Gluecksohn‐Schoenheimer
通讯作者：
S. Gluecksohn‐Schoenheimer
家鼠的簇绒突变体的遗传性脱毛
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1956
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
M. Lyon
通讯作者：
M. Lyon
小鼠 t 等位基因性质的研究
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
M. Lyon;R. Meredith
通讯作者：
R. Meredith
Y 染色体作为小鼠雄性决定因素的携带者。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1959
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
W. Welshons;L. B. Russell
通讯作者：
L. B. Russell