Use of satellite-derived data for characterization of snow cover and simulation of snowmelt runoff through a distributed physically based model of runoff generation
Use of satellite-derived data for characterization of snow cover and simulation of snowmelt runoff through a distributed physically based model of runoff generation
复制标题
利用卫星数据通过径流生成的分布式物理模型来表征积雪和模拟融雪径流
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Victor Demidov
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Kuchment;A. Gelfan;P. Romanov;Victor Demidov
抽象的。提出了一种利用卫星遥感数据构造分布式融雪径流模拟连续积雪特征场的方法。卫星数据和现有的地面气象测量数据被纳入一个基于物理的积雪模型。积雪模型描述了积雪深度，密度和水当量（SWE）的时间变化，占雪融化，升华，再冻结融水和雪变质过程，特别注重森林覆盖的影响。模型中使用的遥感数据包括产品，包括每日地图的积雪覆盖面积（SCA）和SWE来自观测的中分辨率成像光谱仪和AMSR-E仪器机载Terra和Aqua卫星，以及现有的地图的地表温度，地表温度，土地覆盖类和树木覆盖率。该模型首先根据现有的地面积雪测量数据进行校准，然后利用卫星数据和插值地面气象数据计算积雪特征的空间分布。卫星获得的SWE数据用于分配初始条件，SCA数据用于控制积雪模拟。模拟的雪特性的空间分布被纳入一个分布式的基于物理的径流模型计算融雪径流过程线。所提出的技术被应用到一个研究面积约200 000平方公里，包括维亚特卡河流域的集水面积为124 000平方公里。在维亚特卡河的模拟和观测过程的对应关系被认为是一个指标的准确性所构建的领域的雪的特性，并作为一个措施的有效性利用卫星获得的SWE数据进行径流模拟。
Abstract. A technique of using satellite-derived data for constructing continuous snow characteristics fields for distributed snowmelt runoff simulation is presented. The satellite-derived data and the available ground-based meteorological measurements are incorporated in a physically based snowpack model. The snowpack model describes temporal changes of the snow depth, density and water equivalent (SWE), accounting for snow melt, sublimation, refreezing melt water and snow metamorphism processes with a special focus on forest cover effects. The remote sensing data used in the model consist of products include the daily maps of snow covered area (SCA) and SWE derived from observations of MODIS and AMSR-E instruments onboard Terra and Aqua satellites as well as available maps of land surface temperature, surface albedo, land cover classes and tree cover fraction. The model was first calibrated against available ground-based snow measurements and then applied to calculate the spatial distribution of snow characteristics using satellite data and interpolated ground-based meteorological data. The satellite-derived SWE data were used for assigning initial conditions and the SCA data were used for control of snow cover simulation. The simulated spatial distributions of snow characteristics were incorporated in a distributed physically based model of runoff generation to calculate snowmelt runoff hydrographs. The presented technique was applied to a study area of approximately 200 000 km2 including the Vyatka River basin with catchment area of 124 000 km2. The correspondence of simulated and observed hydrographs in the Vyatka River are considered as an indicator of the accuracy of constructed fields of snow characteristics and as a measure of effectiveness of utilizing satellite-derived SWE data for runoff simulation.