Question-orientedness and the Semantics of Clausal Complementation

Question-orientedness and the Semantics of Clausal Complementation
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问题导向性和从句补足的语义

DOI：
10.1007/978-3-031-15940-4
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发表时间：
2022
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通讯作者：
Uegaki W
Uegaki W
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作者：
Uegaki W

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本书涉及分句补足的语义，如以下一对英语句子所示：（1）a． Alice 知道 Peter Sawkins 赢得了 2020 年英国烘焙大赛。 b.爱丽丝知道谁赢得了 2020 年英国烘焙大赛。在整本书中，我将主张子句互补的面向问题的理论。根据这一理论，子句嵌入谓词，例如（1）中的“know”，也包括“wonder”和“belief”，表示个体与一组命题之间的关系，而不是简单的命题。遵循疑问补语（例如（1b）中谁赢得了 2020 年英国烘焙大赛）表达一组替代命题的想法，该理论直接解释了疑问补语，如上面的（1b）所示。声明性互补，如 (1a) 中所示，也被视为个体和命题集之间的关系。只是，它涉及这种关系的一种特殊情况，其中补数表示一组命题。该理论与更标准的面向命题理论相反，根据该理论，子句嵌入谓词对单个命题进行操作。与问题导向理论不同，命题导向理论将陈述性补足视为基本情况，而疑问补足则被分析为涉及附加机制。
This book concerns the semantics of clausal complementation, as exemplified in the following pair of English sentences:(1) a. Alice knows that Peter Sawkins won the 2020 Great British Bake Off. b. Alice knows who won the 2020 Great British Bake Off.Throughout the book, I will argue for the QUESTION-ORIENTED THEORY of clausal complementation. According to this theory, clause-embedding predicates, such as know in (1), but also wonder and believe, denote a relationship between an individual and a set of propositions, rather than a proposition simpliciter. Following the idea that interrogative complements, such as who won the 2020 Great British Bake Off in (1b), express a set of alternative propositions, the theory straightforwardly accounts for interrogative complementation, as in (1b) above. Declarative complementation, as in (1a), is also treated as a relationship between an individual and a proposition-set. Only, it involves a special case of such a relationship where the complement denotes a singleton set of proposition. The theory is in contrast to the more standard PROPOSITION-ORIENTED THEORY, according to which clause-embedding predicates operate on a single proposition. Unlike in the question-oriented theory, the proposition-oriented theory treats declarative complementation as the basic case while interrogative complementation is analyzed to involve an additional mechanism.