Using comparative anatomy in the axotomy model to identify distinct roles for microglia and astrocytes in synaptic stripping
Using comparative anatomy in the axotomy model to identify distinct roles for microglia and astrocytes in synaptic stripping
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DOI：
10.1017/s1740925x11000135
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yamada, Jun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jinno, Shozo;Yamada, Jun
面神经切断后，神经胶质细胞突起将突触终末从受损的运动神经元的胞体和近端树突中撤出，这是多年来的研究课题。这种现象被称为突触剥离，其被认为通过减少突触输入来帮助神经元的存活和再生。因为没有血脑屏障的破坏或巨噬细胞的浸润，轴突切断范例具有能够选择性地研究脑中常驻神经胶质细胞的作用的优势。虽然已经有许多关于突触剥离的研究，但其详细机制仍存在争议。在这里，我们认为，物种和菌株的差异，往往存在于以前的工作可能与目前的争议轴突研究。例如，轴突切断的神经元的存活率通常在大鼠中高于小鼠。然而，一些研究已经使用轴突切断范例来跟踪神经胶质反应，并且没有评估神经元活力的变化。在本文的第一部分中，我们总结和讨论了目前的知识种属和菌株的差异，神经元的存活，胶质增生和突触剥离。在第二部分中，我们专注于我们最近的研究结果，这表明小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞的差异参与突触剥离和神经元存活。这篇文章表明，不同物种和品系的轴突切断范例的比较研究可能会提供许多重要的和意想不到的发现，小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞在损伤和修复中的多方面作用。
The synaptic terminals' withdrawal from the somata and proximal dendrites of injured motoneuron by the processes of glial cells following facial nerve axotomy has been the subject of research for many years. This phenomenon is referred to as synaptic stripping, which is assumed to help survival and regeneration of neurons via reduction of synaptic inputs. Because there is no disruption of the blood-brain barrier or infiltration of macrophages, the axotomy paradigm has the advantage of being able to selectively investigate the roles of resident glial cells in the brain. Although there have been numerous studies of synaptic stripping, the detailed mechanisms are still under debate. Here we suggest that the species and strain differences that are often present in previous work might be related to the current controversies of axotomy studies. For instance, the survival ratios of axotomized neurons were generally found to be higher in rats than in mice. However, some studies have used the axotomy paradigm to follow the glial reactions and did not assess variations in neuronal viability. In the first part of this article, we summarize and discuss the current knowledge on species and strain differences in neuronal survival, glial augmentation and synaptic stripping. In the second part, we focus on our recent findings, which show the differential involvement of microglia and astrocytes in synaptic stripping and neuronal survival. This article suggests that the comparative study of the axotomy paradigm across various species and strains may provide many important and unexpected discoveries on the multifaceted roles of microglia and astrocytes in injury and repair.