Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the environment: terminology, classification, and origins.
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the environment: terminology, classification, and origins.
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DOI：
10.1002/ieam.258
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发表时间：
2011-10
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
van Leeuwen, Stefan P J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Buck, Robert C;Franklin, James;Berger, Urs;Conder, Jason M;Cousins, Ian T;de Voogt, Pim;Jensen, Allan Astrup;Kannan, Kurunthachalam;Mabury, Scott A;van Leeuwen, Stefan P J
本文的主要目的是概述在环境、野生动物和人类中检测到的全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS)，并为 PFAS 推荐清晰、具体和描述性的术语、名称和首字母缩略词。总体目标是通过提供供全球科学、监管和工业界使用的术语来统一和协调有关 PFAS 的沟通。特别强调长链全氟烷基酸、与长链全氟烷基酸相关的物质以及旨在作为长链全氟烷基酸或其前体的使用的替代品的物质。首先，我们定义 PFAS，将它们分类为不同的家族，并为家族及其个体成员推荐一套实用的通用名称和缩写词。与氟化聚合物相关的术语是我们分类的一个重要方面。其次，我们简要描述了用于将全氟烷基部分引入有机化合物的两种主要生产工艺：电化学氟化和调聚，并详细说明了这些工艺中可能产生的副产物（异构体和同系物）的类型。第三，我们展示了 PFAS 的主要家族如何作为工业、环境或代谢前体或彼此转化产物相互关联。我们特别关注那些有可能通过非生物或生物环境过程或通过人类新陈代谢转化为长链全氟烷基羧酸或磺酸的PFAS，这是目前监管行动的重点。补充数据列出了 42 个 PFAS 家族和亚家族以及 268 种选定的单独化合物，提供了推荐名称和首字母缩略词、结构式以及化学文摘服务登记号。整体环境评估管理 2011；7：513–541。 © 2011 塞塔克
The primary aim of this article is to provide an overview of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) detected in the environment, wildlife, and humans, and recommend clear, specific, and descriptive terminology, names, and acronyms for PFASs. The overarching objective is to unify and harmonize communication on PFASs by offering terminology for use by the global scientific, regulatory, and industrial communities. A particular emphasis is placed on long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids, substances related to the long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids, and substances intended as alternatives to the use of the long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids or their precursors. First, we define PFASs, classify them into various families, and recommend a pragmatic set of common names and acronyms for both the families and their individual members. Terminology related to fluorinated polymers is an important aspect of our classification. Second, we provide a brief description of the 2 main production processes, electrochemical fluorination and telomerization, used for introducing perfluoroalkyl moieties into organic compounds, and we specify the types of byproducts (isomers and homologues) likely to arise in these processes. Third, we show how the principal families of PFASs are interrelated as industrial, environmental, or metabolic precursors or transformation products of one another. We pay particular attention to those PFASs that have the potential to be converted, by abiotic or biotic environmental processes or by human metabolism, into long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic or sulfonic acids, which are currently the focus of regulatory action. The Supplemental Data lists 42 families and subfamilies of PFASs and 268 selected individual compounds, providing recommended names and acronyms, and structural formulas, as well as Chemical Abstracts Service registry numbers. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2011;7:513–541. © 2011 SETAC