Material Property Targets to Enable Adsorptive Water Treatment and Resource Recovery Systems
Material Property Targets to Enable Adsorptive Water Treatment and Resource Recovery Systems
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DOI：
10.1021/acsestengg.0c00046
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发表时间：
2021-08
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Elvis A. Eugene;W. Phillip;A. Dowling
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Elvis A. Eugene;W. Phillip;A. Dowling
新的分离技术是必要的，以利用地球有限的资源，同时保持高水平的生活。由于铅等微量元素的污染，饮用水的供应受到了压力。汽车电气化对锂的需求将在十年内超过其主要来自盐水来源的供应。吸附过程是具有挑战性的低浓度分离的有前途的成本效益的解决方案。然而，缺乏定量模型来评估新兴的吸附剂，这阻碍了新材料转化为变革性技术。这项工作提出了一个广义的多尺度过程目标框架，以快速筛选候选吸附剂和设置材料性能目标，开发吸附系统，包括铅修复和锂回收应用。朗缪尔等温线和吸附剂结构-性质计算明确地将分子性质（包括亲和力、饱和容量和孔径）、装置设计决策（包括吸附剂横截面积和床长度）和系统设计决策（包括吸附剂质量和平行床的数量）联系起来。该框架预测，对于Pb去除，单独改进材料的范围有限;相反，将吸附剂集成到设备中（例如，膜、填充床）可能是实现未来技术的更大障碍。同样，对于锂回收应用，改进的材料加工技术有可能加速这一过程。此外，Li的案例研究证明了基于无量纲公式的框架作为更广泛的膜科学和环境工程社区的易用工具的实用性，以评估新兴材料满足工艺需求的可行性。最后，这些无量纲模型被用来确定三个不同的区域之间的相对性能间歇和连续过程。这些结果警告在其有效区域之外应用放大启发式方法，这可能会导致从实验台到工艺规模的自下而上研究期间设计不足或过度设计。所提出的目标框架通过确定优化材料加工和设备设计技术的潜力，充分利用新兴材料的特性，实现未来的可持续分离，从而弥合了材料和技术开发之间的关键差距。
Novel separation technologies are necessary to use Earth's limited resources while maintaining a high standard of living. The availability of potable water is stressed due to contamination with trace elements such as lead (Pb). The demand for lithium (Li) due to vehicle electrification will exceed its supply from primarily brine sources within a decade. Adsorption processes are promising cost-effective solutions to challenging low-concentration separations. Yet, there is a lack of quantitative modeling to assess emerging sorbents, which hinders the translation of novel materials into transformative technologies. This work proposes a generalized multiscale process targeting framework to rapidly screen candidate sorbents and set material property targets to develop adsorptive systems including Pb remediation and Li recovery applications. Langmuir isotherm and sorbent structure–property calculations explicitly link molecular properties, including affinity, saturation capacity, and pore size; device design decisions, including sorbent cross-sectional area and bed length; and system design decisions, including sorbent mass and number of parallel beds. The framework predicts that for Pb removal, there is limited scope to improve materials in isolation; instead, integration of sorbents into devices (e.g., membranes, packed beds) may be the larger barrier to realizing future technologies. Similarly, for Li recovery applications, improved materials processing techniques have the potential to accelerate the process. Moreover, the Li case study demonstrates the utility of the framework based on dimensionless formulas as an easy-to-use tool for the broader membrane science and environmental engineering communities to assess the feasibility of emerging materials to meet process demands. Finally, these dimensionless models are used to identify three distinct regions of relative performance between batch and semicontinuous processes. These results give caution to applying scale-up heuristics outside their valid region, which can lead to under- or overdesign during bottom-up studies from the bench to the process scale. The presented targeting framework bridges a crucial gap between material and technology development by identifying the potential for optimized materials processing and device design techniques to fully utilize the characteristics of emerging materials for sustainable separations of the future.