Clay minerals in drilling fluids: functions and challenges

Clay minerals in drilling fluids: functions and challenges
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钻井液中的粘土矿物:功能和挑战

DOI:
10.1180/clm.2020.10
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发表时间:
2020-03
期刊:
影响因子:
1.5
通讯作者:
ZHOU Chun Hui
ZHOU Chun Hui
中科院分区:
地球科学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
ZHANG Jun Rui;XU Meng Dan;CHRISTIDIS Georgios E.;ZHOU Chun Hui

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摘要粘土矿物的加入改变了钻井液体系的粘度。本文从粘土和粘土矿物(膨润土、坡缕石、海泡石和粘土矿物的混合物)的特殊结构、流变性能、应用、存在的问题和未来发展方向等方面,对粘土和粘土矿物在钻井液中的应用研究进展进行了综述和讨论。钻井液的流变性受温度、电解质类型、pH值和粘土矿物浓度的影响。膨润土是一种富含蒙脱石的粘土,常用于钻井液中,其成分因存款而异。这种变化显著影响了膨润土基钻井液的性能。坡缕石适用于油基钻井液,但其在钻井液中的成胶性和凝胶结构尚未引起人们的重视。海泡石常作为流变添加剂用于水基钻井液中。含有包括膨润土、高岭土、坡缕石和海泡石的粘土混合物的分散体用于需要特定特征的钻井液,例如高密度钻井液或用于不可渗透泥浆壁的那些。在这些情况下,混合粘土分散体的表面化学-微观结构-性质的关系需要充分理解。安全、“绿色”工艺和耐高温高压粘土矿物是钻井液研究的主要挑战和未来发展方向。
Abstract The addition of clay minerals in drilling fluids modifies the dispersion's viscosity. In this article, scientific advances related to the use of clays and clay minerals (bentonite, palygorskite, sepiolite and mixtures of clay minerals) in drilling fluids are summarized and discussed based on their specific structure, rheological properties, applications, prevailing challenges and future directions. The rheological properties of drilling fluids are affected by the temperature, type of electrolytes, pH and concentration of clay minerals. Bentonites are smectite-rich clays often used in drilling fluids, and their composition varies from deposit to deposit. Such variations significantly affect the behaviour of bentonite-based drilling fluids. Palygorskite is suitable for use in oil-based drilling fluids, but the gelation and gel structures of palygorskite-added drilling fluids have not received much attention. Sepiolite is often used in water-based drilling fluids as a rheological additive. Dispersions containing mixtures of clays including bentonite, kaolin, palygorskite and sepiolite are used in drilling fluids requiring specific features such as high-density drilling fluids or those used in impermeable slurry walls. In these cases, the surface chemistry–microstructure–property relationships of mixed-clay dispersions need to be understood fully. The prevailing challenges and future directions in drilling fluids research include safety, ‘green’ processes and high-temperature and high-pressure-resistant clay minerals.
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