Virus and virus‐sized microsphere transport in a dolomite rock fracture
Virus and virus‐sized microsphere transport in a dolomite rock fracture
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DOI：
10.1002/wrcr.20086
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发表时间：
2013-02
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
P. Mondal;B. Sleep
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Mondal;B. Sleep
利用实验室规模的可变孔径白云岩裂缝进行实验，以比较病毒大小的微球和病毒的传输。使用溴化物、两种尺寸（直径20和200 nm）的羧酸盐改性乳胶（CML）微球和两种通常用作致病性病毒替代物的噬菌体（MS 2和PR 772）进行转运试验。与Derjaguin-朗道-Verwey-Overbeek理论的预期相反，带负电荷的MS 2的保留比相似尺寸的带负电荷的20 nm微球的保留低2 - 3倍。MS 2和PR 772的保留和转运更接近于200 nm微球的保留和转运，在所有测试条件下，MS 2的保留比PR 772高约20%。微球转运受离子强度的影响比噬菌体转运更显著，特别是20 nm微球。与噬菌体相比，氯化钙对微球的影响是显著的和不同的。应用具有两种类型的动力学附着和分离项的一维对流扩散传输模型，可以很好地拟合微球和噬菌体传输数据。然而，需要封闭以准确模拟20和200 nm微球的转运。在大多数测试条件下，封闭对于MS 2或PR 772不是显著过程。总体而言，结果表明，20 nm CML微球不适合作为MS 2和PR 772在破碎白云石中转运的替代物，因此可能不适合作为其他病毒病原体的替代物。200 nm微球更适合作为替代物，但与噬菌体相比，对溶液化学变化的反应不同。
Experiments were conducted with a laboratory‐scale variable‐aperture dolomite rock fracture to compare the transport of virus‐sized microspheres and viruses. Transport tests were conducted using bromide, two sizes (20 and 200 nm diameter) of carboxylate‐modified latex (CML) microspheres, and two bacteriophages (MS2 and PR772) that are often used as pathogenic virus surrogates. Retention of negatively charged MS2 was two to three times lower than retention of similarly sized negatively charged 20 nm microspheres, in contrast to expectations from Derjaguin‐Landau‐Verwey‐Overbeek theory. Retention and transport of MS2 and PR772 were much closer to that of the 200 nm microspheres, with approximately 20% greater retention of MS2 compared to PR772 for all conditions tested. Microsphere transport was more significantly affected by ionic strength than the bacteriophage transport, particularly the 20 nm microspheres. Impacts of calcium chloride were significant and different for microspheres compared to bacteriophages. Application of a one‐dimensional advection‐dispersion transport model with two types of kinetic attachment and detachment terms gave good fits to microsphere and bacteriophage transport data. However, blocking was required to accurately simulate transport of the 20 and 200 nm microspheres. Blocking was not a significant process for MS2 or PR772 under most conditions tested. Overall, results indicate that 20 nm CML microspheres are not suitable surrogates for transport of MS2 and PR772 in fractured dolomite, and therefore, likely not suitable as surrogates for other viral pathogens. The 200 nm microspheres would be more suitable as surrogates but show different responses to changes in solution chemistry compared to bacteriophages.