The Tree of Life and a New Classification of Bony Fishes
The Tree of Life and a New Classification of Bony Fishes
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DOI：
10.1371/currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
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影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Orti, Guillermo
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文献类型：
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作者：
Betancur-R, Ricardo;Broughton, Richard E.;Orti, Guillermo
鱼类的生命树处于不断变化的状态，因为我们仍然缺乏一个包括所有主要群体的全面的系统发育。这种情况对于一个大型的刺鳍鱼类分支来说是最关键的，传统上被称为percomorphs，其不确定的关系已经困扰了鱼类学家超过世纪。我们对鱼类谱系之间更高层次关系的了解大多基于形态学，但分子研究的快速涌入正在改变许多既定的系统概念。我们报告了一个全面的硬骨鱼，包括所有主要谱系的代表分子遗传学。收集了1410硬骨鱼类群的21个分子标记（一个线粒体和20个核基因）的DNA序列数据，加上四足动物和两个软骨鱼类外类群（共1416个终端）。硬骨鱼的多样性由1093属，369科，和所有传统上公认的目的。最大似然树为大多数主干节点提供了前所未有的分辨率和高引导支持，首次定义了鱼类的全球系统发育史。该树的一般结构与以前的形态学和分子研究的预期一致，但出现了重要的新分支。最有趣的是，percomorphs之间的高度不确定性现在被分解为9个支持良好的超序群。Perciformes目，被许多人认为是一个多系分类的垃圾桶，第一次被定义为一个单系组在全球性的亲缘关系。一个新的分类，反映了我们的系统发育假说，提出了促进沟通的新发现的结构的鱼类生命树。最后，使用60个化石约束来校准分子演化，以产生全面的时间树。新的时间校准的进化史将为新的比较研究提供基础，并激发新的比较研究，以更好地了解鱼类惊人多样性的进化。
The tree of life of fishes is in a state of flux because we still lack a comprehensive phylogeny that includes all major groups. The situation is most critical for a large clade of spiny-finned fishes, traditionally referred to as percomorphs, whose uncertain relationships have plagued ichthyologists for over a century. Most of what we know about the higher-level relationships among fish lineages has been based on morphology, but rapid influx of molecular studies is changing many established systematic concepts. We report a comprehensive molecular phylogeny for bony fishes that includes representatives of all major lineages. DNA sequence data for 21 molecular markers (one mitochondrial and 20 nuclear genes) were collected for 1410 bony fish taxa, plus four tetrapod species and two chondrichthyan outgroups (total 1416 terminals). Bony fish diversity is represented by 1093 genera, 369 families, and all traditionally recognized orders. The maximum likelihood tree provides unprecedented resolution and high bootstrap support for most backbone nodes, defining for the first time a global phylogeny of fishes. The general structure of the tree is in agreement with expectations from previous morphological and molecular studies, but significant new clades arise. Most interestingly, the high degree of uncertainty among percomorphs is now resolved into nine well-supported supraordinal groups. The order Perciformes, considered by many a polyphyletic taxonomic waste basket, is defined for the first time as a monophyletic group in the global phylogeny. A new classification that reflects our phylogenetic hypothesis is proposed to facilitate communication about the newly found structure of the tree of life of fishes. Finally, the molecular phylogeny is calibrated using 60 fossil constraints to produce a comprehensive time tree. The new time-calibrated phylogeny will provide the basis for and stimulate new comparative studies to better understand the evolution of the amazing diversity of fishes.