Parsing Heterogeneous Striatal Activity.
Parsing Heterogeneous Striatal Activity.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnana.2017.00043
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Ding L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nakamura K;Ding L
纹状体是基底神经节的一个输入通道，众所周知它参与基于奖励的决策和学习。在宏观层面，据推测纹状体包含平行的功能模块，每个模块都包含进行相似计算的神经元，以支持针对不同任务情境选择适当的行动。然而，在单神经元层面，近期对猴子和啮齿动物的研究表明，即使在纹状体的特定模块内，神经元活动也存在异质性。为了在复杂的纹状体活动模式中寻找共性，在此我们简要综述几种类型的纹状体活动，重点关注它们在介导行为方面的作用。特别是，我们关注两种类型的行为任务：使用显著感觉线索并操纵与这些线索相关结果的基于奖励的任务；以及操纵有噪声的感觉线索质量并将所有正确决策与相同结果相关联的知觉决策任务。基于先前对基底神经节的模块组织和一般选择相关功能的见解，我们将这些任务上的纹状体活动模式与两种类型的计算联系起来：选择的执行和评估。我们认为，用选择/评估类别进行解析有助于关注不同动物模型和行为任务的研究揭示的功能共性，而非关注可能特定于某一任务设置的纹状体活动的各个方面。然后，我们在选择 - 评估框架内强调了几个有待未来探索的问题。
The striatum is an input channel of the basal ganglia and is well known to be involved in reward-based decision making and learning. At the macroscopic level, the striatum has been postulated to contain parallel functional modules, each of which includes neurons that perform similar computations to support selection of appropriate actions for different task contexts. At the single-neuron level, however, recent studies in monkeys and rodents have revealed heterogeneity in neuronal activity even within restricted modules of the striatum. Looking for generality in the complex striatal activity patterns, here we briefly survey several types of striatal activity, focusing on their usefulness for mediating behaviors. In particular, we focus on two types of behavioral tasks: reward-based tasks that use salient sensory cues and manipulate outcomes associated with the cues; and perceptual decision tasks that manipulate the quality of noisy sensory cues and associate all correct decisions with the same outcome. Guided by previous insights on the modular organization and general selection-related functions of the basal ganglia, we relate striatal activity patterns on these tasks to two types of computations: implementation of selection and evaluation. We suggest that a parsing with the selection/evaluation categories encourages a focus on the functional commonalities revealed by studies with different animal models and behavioral tasks, instead of a focus on aspects of striatal activity that may be specific to a particular task setting. We then highlight several questions in the selection-evaluation framework for future explorations.