The cost and benefit of juvenile training on adult perceptual skill.
The cost and benefit of juvenile training on adult perceptual skill.
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.6137-10.2011
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发表时间：
2011-04-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sanes DH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sarro EC;Sanes DH
发育过程中的感官体验可以改变中枢神经系统并改变成人的感知技能。虽然这一原则得到了剥夺或长期刺激暴露研究的支持，但训练的效果仅在成年人中得到解决。在这里，我们询问发育过程中短暂的训练是否可以对成人的感知技能产生独特的影响。幼年沙鼠接受训练来检测振幅调制（AM），这是动物交流声音的基本刺激特征。当这些幼年训练动物在成年后的表现进行评估时，其表现优于接受与成年相同训练方案的对照组。经过青少年训练的动物表现出明显更好的 AM 检测阈值。在青少年时期只接受 AM 刺激的成年组中没有观察到这一点。为了确定成年表现的提高是否仅仅是由于学习了条件性回避程序，对青少年进行了调频（FM）检测训练，并随后在成年后对 AM 检测进行了评估。这些动物的 AM 检测阈值明显低于所有其他组。因此，在发育过程中对特定听觉任务（AM 检测）的训练有利于成年期执行该任务的表现，而成年期的相同训练方案并没有带来这种增强。相比之下，在成年后进行不同任务（FM 检测）的发展训练是有代价的。总之，结果表明，中枢神经系统发育中存在一段高度敏感的时期，因此青少年的行为训练对成人的行为能力具有独特的影响。
Sensory experience during development can modify the central nervous system and alter adult perceptual skills. While this principle draws support from deprivation or chronic stimulus exposure studies, the effect of training is addressed only in adults. Here, we asked whether a brief period of training during development can exert a unique impact on adult perceptual skills. Juvenile gerbils were trained to detect amplitude modulation (AM), a stimulus feature elemental to animal communication sounds. When the performance of these juvenile-trained animals was subsequently assessed in adulthood, it was superior to a control group that received an identical regimen of training as adults. The juvenile-trained animals displayed significantly better AM detection thresholds. This was not observed in an adult group that received only exposure to AM stimuli as juveniles. To determine whether enhanced adult performance was due solely to learning the conditioned avoidance procedure, juveniles were trained on frequency modulation (FM) detection, and subsequently assessed on AM detection as adults. These animals displayed significantly poorer AM detection thresholds than all other groups. Thus, training on a specific auditory task (AM detection) during development provided a benefit to performance on that task in adulthood, whereas an identical training regimen in adulthood did not bring about this enhancement. In contrast, there was a cost, in adulthood, following developmental training on a different task (FM detection). Together, the results demonstrate a period of heightened sensitivity in the developing CNS such that behavioral training in juveniles has a unique impact on adult behavioral capabilities.