Immunosuppression by Intestinal Stromal Cells.
Immunosuppression by Intestinal Stromal Cells.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-78127-3_7
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
I. Pinchuk;D. Powell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
I. Pinchuk;D. Powell
本章总结的证据表明，肠肌成纤维细胞，也称为肠基质细胞，是来自组织间充质干细胞在体内平衡的成人，并可能补充骨髓间充质干细胞，严重的肠损伤后招募。成人肠基质细胞（肌成纤维细胞）的免疫抑制或耐受机制的比较与骨髓来源的间充质干细胞的报道几乎相同。抑制机制的列表包括PD-L1和PD-L2/PD-1免疫检查点途径、可溶性介质分泌、toll样受体介导的耐受性和Treg细胞的增强。此外，间充质干细胞和肠基质细胞表达几乎相同的CD分子库。最后，其他人报道分离的肠基质细胞能够分化成骨，分化成软骨细胞的能力较差，但不能分化成脂肪细胞，这一发现我们已经证实。这些发现表明，肠基质细胞（肌成纤维细胞）是部分分化的成体，组织驻留干细胞，能够在肠道中发挥免疫耐受。它们在炎症性肠病修复和结直肠癌免疫抑制中的作用需要进一步研究。
This chapter summarizes evidence that intestinal myofibroblasts, also called intestinal stromal cells, are derived in the adult from tissue mesenchymal stem cells under homeostasis and may be replenished by bone marrow mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells that are recruited after severe intestinal injury. A comparison of mechanism of immunosuppression or tolerance by adult intestinal stromal cells (myofibroblasts) is almost identical with those reported for mesenchymal stem cells of bone marrow origin. The list of suppression mechanisms includes PD-L1 and PD-L2/PD-1 immune checkpoint pathways, soluble mediator secretion, toll-like receptor-mediated tolerance, and augmentation of Treg cells. Further, both mesenchymal stem cells and intestinal stromal cells express an almost identical repertoire of CD molecules. Lastly, others have reported that isolate intestinal stromal cells are capable of differentiating into bone and less well into chondrocyte, but not into adipocytes, a finding that we have confirmed. These findings suggest that intestinal stromal cells (myofibroblasts) are partially differentiated adult, tissue-resident stem cells which are capable of exerting immune tolerance in the intestine. Their role in repair of inflammatory bowel disease and immune suppression in colorectal cancer needs further investigation.