Solar UV doses of adult Americans and vitamin D3 production
Solar UV doses of adult Americans and vitamin D3 production
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DOI：
10.4161/derm.3.4.15292
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Holick, Michael F.
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文献类型：
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作者：
Godar, Dianne E.;Pope, Stanley J.;Holick, Michael F.
背景：阳光中含有紫外线辐射，会对人类健康产生有害（皮肤癌）和有益（维生素 D-3）的影响。对美国成年人（22-40、41-59、60+ 岁）维生素 D 状况的评估显示，许多人的 25-羟基维生素 D 血清水平缺乏或不足，这表明他们没有从饮食来源或阳光中获取足够的维生素 D。这些发现与美国皮肤病学会的计算值相矛盾，美国皮肤病学会坚持认为，即使人们使用防晒系数为 15 的防晒霜，人们也会通过“偶然”或日常的户外紫外线照射产生“充足”的维生素 D-3（>= 1,000 IU/天）。 目的：我们利用北部（北纬 45 度）和南部在室内工作的成年美国人的日常户外紫外线剂量（接近 7,000）来调查这种情况（北纬 35 度）来计算他们每个季节在度假和不度假时产生的维生素 D-3 量。结果：只有在夏季，II 型皮肤白种人成年人（21-59 岁）才能通过日常接触满足其最低维生素 D-3 需求（600 IU/天），但前提是他们不穿职业装或涂防晒霜（海滩度假除外）。方法：为了正确计算维生素 D 3，我们使用了作用谱和几何转换系数，之前未将其纳入其他计算中。结论：大多数美国成年人全年外出的次数不足以满足其最低或最佳（>= 1,200 IU/天）维生素 D-3 需求。即使有 2-3 周的暑假，深色皮肤类型 (III-VI) 和最年长的人（> 59 岁）在一年中因日常户外暴露而无法制造足够维生素 D 3 的风险最高。
Background: Sunlight contains UV radiation that affects human health in both detrimental (skin cancers) and beneficial (vitamin D-3) ways. An evaluation of the vitamin D status of adult Americans (22-40, 41-59, 60+ yr) show many have deficient or insufficient serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, indicating they are not getting enough from dietary sources or sunlight. Those findings are in conflict with calculated values from the American Academy of Dermatology who insist people make "ample" vitamin D-3 (>= 1,000 IU/day) from their "casual," or everyday, outdoor UV exposures even if they use sunscreens with sun protection factor 15.Objective: We investigated this situation using the everyday outdoor UV doses of indoor-working adult Americans (similar to 7,000) in the north (45 degrees N) and south (35 degrees N) to calculate how much vitamin D-3 they produce each season with and without vacationing.Results: Only during the summer can skin type II Caucasian adults (21-59 yr) meet their minimum (600 IU/day) vitamin D-3 needs from everyday exposures, but only if they do not wear professional clothes or sunscreens (except beach vacations). Method: To do vitamin D 3 calculations properly, we used action spectrum and geometric conversion factors, not previously incorporated into other calculations.Conclusions: Most adult Americans do not go outside enough to meet their minimum or optimum (>= 1,200 IU/day) vitamin D-3 needs all year. The darker skin types (III-VI) and the oldest people (> 59 yr) are at the highest risk for not making enough vitamin D 3 during the year from everyday outdoor exposures even with a 2-3 week summer vacation.