Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients: Prevalence and Prognosis for Recovering Sense of Smell
Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients: Prevalence and Prognosis for Recovering Sense of Smell
复制标题
DOI：
10.1177/0194599820943530
复制
发表时间：
2020-07-14
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Di Stadio, Arianna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D'Ascanio, Luca;Pandolfini, Manlio;Di Stadio, Arianna
虽然与2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）相关的嗅觉功能障碍引起了人们的极大兴趣，但很少有研究跟踪连续时间点或超过2周的结果。此外，关于COVID-19的严重程度是否与嗅觉功能障碍的程度相关，数据相互矛盾。这项前瞻性病例对照研究分析了确诊为严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）感染的门诊患者（n = 23）和住院患者（n = 20）与健康对照组（n = 25）主观嗅觉丧失的患病率和严重程度。嗅觉功能障碍在COVID-19患者中比健康对照组更常见（P<0.001），而门诊患者报告的嗅觉丧失比住院患者更常见（P= 0.02）。52%的嗅觉功能障碍患者出现头痛。嗅觉缺失或嗅觉减退持续超过5天，但大多数患者在30天内恢复，提示嗅觉预后良好。住院患者和门诊患者之间的差异可能反映了嗅觉症状和环境因素的时间轴，强调了确证性客观测试的重要性，以及对时间关系的仔细跟踪。
While olfactory dysfunction associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has attracted considerable interest, few studies have tracked outcomes at serial time points or beyond 2 weeks. Furthermore, data are conflicting regarding whether COVID-19 severity correlates with degree of olfactory dysfunction. This prospective case-control study analyzed prevalence and severity of subjective loss of smell in outpatients (n = 23) and inpatients (n = 20) with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection vs healthy controls (n = 25). Olfactory dysfunction was reported more commonly in COVID-19 patients than in healthy controls (P< .001), and outpatients paradoxically reported loss of smell more commonly than inpatients (P= .02). Headaches were present in 52% of patients with olfactory dysfunction. Anosmia or hyposmia persisted beyond 5 days but most of the patients recovered by 30 days, suggesting favorable prognosis for olfaction. Differences between inpatients and outpatients are potentially reflective of timeline of olfactory symptoms and contextual factors, underscoring the importance of corroborative objective testing, coupled with careful tracking of temporal relationships.