Grueneberg Glomeruli in the Olfactory Bulb are Activated by Odorants and Cool Temperature
Grueneberg Glomeruli in the Olfactory Bulb are Activated by Odorants and Cool Temperature
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DOI：
10.1007/s10571-016-0408-6
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发表时间：
2017-05-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Fleischer, Joerg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bumbalo, Rosolino;Lieber, Marilena;Fleischer, Joerg
格鲁内贝格神经节的神经元对低温和不同的气味作出反应，并将轴突突起延伸到大脑的嗅球。分析转基因小鼠，其中Grueneberg神经节神经元和它们的轴突被标记，揭示了这些轴突支配9个不同的肾小球分布在一个特征性的地形图案，在背侧，侧，腹侧和内侧区域，而后方地区的灯泡。为了评估这些肾小球（下文中称为Grueneberg肾小球）在Grueneberg神经节神经元刺激后的活化，将小鼠暴露于气味剂2，3-二甲基吡嗪（2，3-diethylpyrazine），并监测相关肾小球的肾小球细胞中活性依赖性标志物c-Fos的表达。结果发现，所有这些肾小球被激活，无论其定位在球。为了验证Grueneberg肾小球中肾小球细胞的激活确实是基于Grueneberg神经节神经元的刺激，在缺乏环核苷酸门控通道CNGA 3的小鼠中研究了这些肾小球中2，3-DMP诱导的反应，CNGA 3对Grueneberg神经节神经元中的化学和热敏信号转导至关重要。这种方法揭示了CNGA 3的消除导致Grueneberg肾小球中气味诱导的活性降低，表明这些肾小球的激活是基于Grueneberg神经节的先前刺激。分析球中的Grueneberg肾小球是否也可能处理热敏信息，发现暴露于凉爽时，Grueneberg肾小球被激活。研究缺乏CNGA 3的小鼠，这些肾小球被低温激活减弱。
Neurons of the Grueneberg ganglion respond to cool temperatures as well as to distinct odorants and extend axonal processes to the olfactory bulb of the brain. Analyses of transgenic mice, in which Grueneberg ganglion neurons and their axons are labeled, revealed that these axons innervated nine distinct glomeruli distributed in a characteristic topographical pattern in dorsal, lateral, ventral, and medial regions of rather posterior areas in the bulb. To assess activation of these glomeruli (hereinafter designated as Grueneberg glomeruli) upon stimulation of Grueneberg ganglion neurons, mice were exposed to the odorant 2,3-dimethylpyrazine (2,3-DMP) and the expression of the activity-dependent marker c-Fos in juxtaglomerular cells of the relevant glomeruli was monitored. It was found that all of these glomeruli were activated, irrespective of their localization in the bulb. To verify that the activation of juxtaglomerular cells in Grueneberg glomeruli was indeed based on stimulation of Grueneberg ganglion neurons, the 2,3-DMP-induced responses in these glomeruli were investigated in mice lacking the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel CNGA3 which is critical for chemo- and thermosensory signal transduction in Grueneberg ganglion neurons. This approach revealed that elimination of CNGA3 led to a reduction of the odorant-induced activity in Grueneberg glomeruli, indicating that the activation of these glomeruli is based on a preceding stimulation of the Grueneberg ganglion. Analyzing whether Grueneberg glomeruli in the bulb might also process thermosensory information, it was found that upon exposure to coolness, Grueneberg glomeruli were activated. Investigating mice lacking CNGA3, the activation of these glomeruli by cool temperatures was attenuated.