Informative inducement: Study payment as a signal of risk
Informative inducement: Study payment as a signal of risk
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.10.047
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发表时间：
2010-02-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Loewenstein, George
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cryder, Cynthia E.;London, Alex John;Loewenstein, George
在涉及人类受试者的研究中，高额参与报酬通常被认为是不可取的，因为它们可能为潜在参与者提供“不适当的诱因”，使他们暴露在风险中。然而，尽管大的激励措施可能会鼓励参与，但它们也可能预示着研究程序的风险。在三个实验中，我们测量了人们参与潜在风险研究的兴趣，以及他们对与这些研究相关的风险的感知，作为参与支付金额的函数。所有的实验都是在2007-2008年进行的，使用的是全国范围内的在线样本或来自美国东北部城市的样本。我们测试了人们是否会认为提供更高参与报酬的研究风险更高，如果是这样，这种对风险的感知是否会增加学习风险的时间和精力。我们发现，高参与支付增加了参与的意愿，但是，与人们从支付金额推断风险的想法一致，高支付也增加了感知风险和查看风险信息的时间。此外，当支付金额和风险水平之间的联系在实验3中明确，高支付和感知风险之间的关系加强。研究指南通常禁止研究提供补偿风险的参与激励，但这些实验的结果表明，潜在的参与者自然认为风险和激励的大小是相关的。研究指南和参与者对这些指南的假设之间的这种差异对人类受试者研究中的知情同意有影响。(C)2009爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
In research involving human subjects, large participation payments often are deemed undesirable because they may provide 'undue inducement' for potential participants to expose themselves to risk. However, although large incentives may encourage participation, they also may signal the riskiness of a study's procedures. In three experiments, we measured people's interest in participating in potentially risky research studies, and their perception of the risk associated with those studies, as functions of participation payment amounts. All experiments took place 2007-2008 with an on-line nationwide sample or a sample from a northeastern U.S. city. We tested whether people judge studies that offer higher participation payments to be riskier, and, if so, whether this increased perception of risk increases time and effort spent learning about the risks. We found that high participation payments increased willingness to participate, but, consistent with the idea that people infer riskiness from payment amount, high payments also increased perceived risk and time spent viewing risk information. Moreover, when a link between payment amount and risk level was made explicit in Experiment 3, the relationship between high payments and perceived risk strengthened. Research guidelines usually prohibit studies from offering participation incentives that compensate for risks, yet these experiments' results indicate that potential participants naturally assume that the magnitude of risks and incentives are related. This discrepancy between research guidelines and participants' assumptions about those guidelines has implications for informed consent in human subjects research. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.