Characteristics of ammonia and carbon dioxide releases from layer hen manure
Characteristics of ammonia and carbon dioxide releases from layer hen manure
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DOI：
10.1080/00071668.2010.495977
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Diehl, C. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ni, J. -Q.;Heber, A. J.;Diehl, C. A.
1.氨(NH3)是商业家禽养殖场粪便中产生的一种重要的气态污染物，已成为环境、生态和健康问题。家禽粪便还会释放二氧化碳(CO2)，这是一种温室气体，经常被用作计算建筑物通风量的示踪气体。2.利用4个粪便反应器(高122 cm，内径38 cm)进行了为期38天的室内试验，以评价蛋鸡粪便中NH3和CO2的释放特征。这些反应器最初填充66 cm深的粪便，然后每周增加5 cm，以模拟商品蛋鸡舍中粪便的积累。3.在整个研究期间，4个反应器的平均日平均(ADM)NH3和CO2释放通量分别为1615+/-211µg/s.m2(ADM+/-95%可信区间)和100+/-03 mg/s.m2。单个反应堆中NH3和CO2的日平均排放量分别为352-6791微克/平方公尺和66-205毫克/平方公尺。4.ADM NH3释放量与梁等人在4个高层蛋鸡舍中测得的结果基本一致。(2005年，ASAE会刊，48页)。然而，这项研究中的二氧化碳释放通量大约是梁等人报告的数据的10到13倍。(2005)。在连续通风条件下，新鲜粪便在反应器中的NH3释放潜力大于粪便。与添加前相比，在第4周添加水分、总氮和铵含量较高的有机肥在添加后立即产生的NH3和CO2排放量分别是添加前的11倍和75%。
1. Ammonia (NH3) is an important gaseous pollutant generated from manure in commercial poultry farms and has been an environmental, ecological, and health concern. Poultry manure also releases carbon dioxide (CO2), which is a greenhouse gas and is often used as a tracer gas to calculate building ventilation. 2. A 38-d laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of NH3 and CO2 releases from layer hen manure using 4 manure reactors (122 cm tall, 38 cm internal diameter), which were initially filled with 66 cm deep manure followed by weekly additions of 5 cm to simulate manure accumulation in commercial layer houses. 3. The average daily mean (ADM) NH3 and CO2 release fluxes for the 4 reactors during the entire study were 1615 +/- 211 mu g/s.m2 (ADM +/- 95% confidence interval) and 100 +/- 03 mg/s.m2, respectively. The daily mean NH3 and CO2 releases in individual reactors varied from 352 to 6791 mu g/s.m2 and from 66 to 205 mg/s.m2, respectively. 4. The ADM NH3 release flux was within the range of those obtained in 4 high-rise layer houses by Liang et al. (2005, Transactions of the ASAE, 48). However, the CO2 release flux in this study was about 10 to 13 times as high as the data reported by Liang et al. (2005). Fresh manure had greater NH3 release potential than the manure in the reactors under continuous ventilation. Manure with higher contents of moisture, total nitrogen, and ammonium in the 4th weekly addition induced 11 times higher NH3 and 75% higher CO2 releases immediately after manure addition compared with pre-addition releases.