Organic enrichment of sediments from salmon farming in Norway: environmental factors, management practices, and monitoring techniques
Organic enrichment of sediments from salmon farming in Norway: environmental factors, management practices, and monitoring techniques
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DOI：
10.1016/s0044-8486(03)00475-7
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发表时间：
2003-10-31
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
White, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carroll, ML;Cochrane, S;White, P
富含有机物的颗粒物质沉积到海底，对鲑鱼网箱养殖造成的环境影响被认为是当地环境条件和管理做法的一个功能。然而，这些假设的检验受到以下因素的限制：（1）所采用的监测方法差异很大，（2）由于缺乏标准化的国家监测计划，数据缺乏可比性，为了确定不同监测方法在探测海底环境影响方面的敏感性，对挪威常用的四种方法进行了比较分析，这四种方法的费用和所需的专门知识各不相同：（1）目视潜水员调查，（2）动物区系分析，（3）沉积物化学，（4）沉积物剖面成像（SPI）。结果表明，所有方法在笼下和紧邻笼的共同“影响区”中一致。然而，每种方法在检测更微妙的影响，在更大的距离从cages.Data从168个环境调查样本位于不同的距离工作挪威鲑鱼网箱养殖场收集使用类似的方法在1996年和1998年之间的敏感性不同，进行了分析，以确定环境变量，管理制度和环境影响水平之间的关系。沉积物中的总有机碳（TOC）水平显着较高，直接相邻的笼子相比，参考网站，约32%的样品下的笼子表现出显着的降解。在中等距离（50-100米），从养鱼的影响没有明确检测到TOC分析。此外，虽然深度和流速都不是环境管理的良好预测因子，但结果表明，通过定期放弃（或休耕）恢复场地是冷水环境中可持续鲑鱼养殖的最佳管理工具之一。(C)2003 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
Environmental impacts of salmon cage aquaculture resulting from deposition of organic-rich particulate matter to the sea bottom have been thought to be a function of the local environmental conditions and management practices. However, testing of these suppositions have been limited by (1) widely varying monitoring methods employed, and (2) lack of data comparability resulting from the absence of standardized national monitoring schemes.In order to determine the sensitivity of different monitoring methods in detecting benthic environmental effects, a comparative analysis was undertaken of four methods commonly employed in Norway that vary in cost and expertise required: (1) visual diver surveys, (2) faunal analysis, (3) sediment chemistry, and (4) Sediment Profile Imagery (SPI). Results indicate that all methods agreed in the common "impact zone" under and immediately next to the cages. However, each of the methods differed in their sensitivity in detecting more subtle effects at greater distances from the cages.Data from 168 environmental survey samples located at various distances from working Norwegian salmon cage farms collected using similar methodology between 1996 and 1998 were analyzed to determine the relationship between environmental variables, management regimes, and levels of environmental impact. Total organic carbon (TOC) levels in sediments were significantly higher immediately adjacent to cages compared to reference sites, and approximately 32% of the samples under the cages showed significant degradation. At intermediate distances (50-100 m), influences from fish farming are not clearly detected by TOC analysis. Further, while neither depth nor current speed alone are good predictors for environmental management, the results suggest recovery of sites by periodic abandonment (or fallowing) is one of the best management tools for sustainable salmon fanning in cold-water environments. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.