STRUCTURE OF THE INCOMPATIBILITY GENE .4. TYPES OF MUTATIONS IN PRUNUS-AVIUM L
STRUCTURE OF THE INCOMPATIBILITY GENE .4. TYPES OF MUTATIONS IN PRUNUS-AVIUM L
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DOI：
10.1038/hdy.1954.38
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发表时间：
1954-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
CROWE, LK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
LEWIS, D;CROWE, LK
X射线诱发和自发诱发的欧洲甜樱桃S复合体突变有三种类型。这包括已经在月见草属中发现的两种类型，即：（1）花粉活性的永久丧失或改变和（2）影响花粉活性的可回复突变。此外，在李属植物中还发现了一个新的分类：（3）花柱活性的永久性丧失或改变。通过自发突变获得的突变类型范围与X射线诱导的突变类型范围相同。其中花柱活性丧失的突变由于三个原因而特别令人感兴趣。首先，他们进一步证实了S基因是一个至少由两部分组成的复合体。其次，他们已经证明S复合物的这两个组分可以独立或同步突变，也可以独立恢复正常。第三，它们在解释回复突变中很重要，因为它们意味着两个同时发生的突变，一个在花粉中，另一个在S复合体的花柱部分，花粉部分已经恢复正常。花柱或花粉活性的永久丧失会导致自交能育，这将在育种自交能育果树中使用。仅接受回复突变S等位基因的幼苗是自交不育的。仅从静止期处理获得永久性丢失X射线诱导的突变。
X-ray induced and spontaneous mutations of the S complex in Prunus avium are of three types. These include the two types already found in Oenothera, that is: (1) permanent loss or change of the pollen activity and (2) revertible mutation affecting the pollen activity. In addition a new class has been found in Prunus: (3) a permanent loss or change of the styler activity. The same range of mutant types is obtained by spontaneous mutation as is induced by X-rays. The mutations in which the stylar activity is lost are of particular interest for three reasons. Firstly, they further confirm that the S gene is a complex of at least two parts. Secondly, they have shown that these two components of the S complex can mutate either independently or synchronously and can also revert to normal independently. Thirdly, they are important in the interpretation of revertible mutations because they imply that two simultaneous mutations were induced one in the pollen and the other in the stylar part of the S complex and that the pollen part has reverted to normal. Permanent loss of either stylar or pollen activity causes self-fertility which will be of use in breeding self-fertile fruit trees. Seedlings which have received only a reverted mutant S allele are self-sterile. Permanent loss X-ray induced mutations were obtained from resting stage treatments only.