Inhibition of fungal and bacterial plant pathogens in vitro and in planta with ultrashort cationic lipopeptides
Inhibition of fungal and bacterial plant pathogens in vitro and in planta with ultrashort cationic lipopeptides
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.01334-07
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发表时间：
2007-10-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Shai, Yechiel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Makovitzki, Arik;Viterbo, Ada;Shai, Yechiel
植物病害对全球粮食安全构成新的威胁。目前可用的许多农业抗菌剂都具有剧毒且不可生物降解，并会造成广泛的环境污染。此外，越来越多的植物病原体对它们产生抗性。最近，我们报道了一个新的超短抗菌脂肽家族，其仅由与脂肪酸连接的四个氨基酸组成（A。Makovitzki，D. Avrahami和Y. Shai，Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103：15997-16002，2006）。在这里，我们研究了这些短脂肽对植物病原细菌和真菌的体外和植物中的活性以及作用方式。它们在低微摩尔浓度下通过溶解机制迅速作用于微生物膜。体外显微镜分析显示，除了抑制病原体生长外，微生物的膜也受到了大规模的破坏。在植物中，对感染病原体灰葡萄孢的黄瓜果实和叶片以及感染异株旋孢菌的玉米叶片表现出有效的抗真菌活性。同样，用感染细菌性叶病原体丁香假单胞菌的拟南芥叶的脂肽处理可以有效且快速地减少细菌的数量。重要的是，与许多天然脂肽发生的情况相反，在植物组织上没有观察到毒性。这些数据表明，超短脂肽可以作为天然样的抗微生物剂，经济上可行的用于植物保护。
Plant diseases constitute an emerging threat to global food security. Many of the currently available antimicrobial agents for agriculture are highly toxic and nonbiodegradable and cause extended environmental pollution. Moreover, an increasing number of phytopathogens develop resistance to them. Recently, we have reported on a new family of ultrashort antimicrobial lipopeptides which are composed of only four amino acids linked to fatty acids (A. Makovitzki, D. Avrahami, and Y. Shai, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103:15997-16002, 2006). Here, we investigated the activities in vitro and in planta and the modes of action of these short lipopeptides against plant-pathogenic bacteria and fungi. They act rapidly, at low micromolar concentrations, on the membranes of the microorganisms via a lytic mechanism. In vitro microscopic analysis revealed wide-scale damage to the microorganism's membrane, in addition to inhibition of pathogen growth. In planta potent antifungal activity was demonstrated on cucumber fruits and leaves infected with the pathogen Botrytis cinerea as well as on corn leaves infected with Cochliobolus heterostrophus. Similarly, treatment with the lipopeptides of Arabidopsis leaves infected with the bacterial leaf pathogen Pseudomonas syringae efficiently and rapidly reduced the number of bacteria. Importantly, in contrast to what occurred with many native lipopeptides, no toxicity was observed on the plant tissues. These data suggest that the ultrashort lipopeptides could serve as native-like antimicrobial agents economically feasible for use in plant protection.