Effects of degree of interpersonal similarity on physical distance and self‐reported attraction: A comparison of uniqueness and reinforcement theory predictions
Effects of degree of interpersonal similarity on physical distance and self‐reported attraction: A comparison of uniqueness and reinforcement theory predictions
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人际相似度对物理距离和自我报告吸引力的影响：独特性和强化理论预测的比较
DOI：
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发表时间：
1979
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Janet R. Endelman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. R. Snyder;Janet R. Endelman
强化理论和独特性理论研究人员将男性(N=45)和女性(N=45)受试者分别置于轻度、中度或高度相似的条件下，对强化理论和独特性理论研究者的相似性-吸引力研究结果进行了研究。相似性是通过虚假的个性和态度清单来操纵的。对于自我报告的测量，得到了与强化理论一致的结果，因为自我报告对伴侣的吸引力越大，相似性越高。此外，人际距离与相似性呈曲线相关。这种距离模式反映了这样一个事实，即中等相似程度的受试者将自己放置在距离他人椅子较近的位置，而不是轻微或高度相似的受试者。物理距离的结果支持唯一性理论的观点，即高相似性可能具有一些厌恶性质。物理距离和自我报告结果之间的差异是根据受试者对人际相似性可能存在的内隐因果理论(即相似性越大越好)来讨论的。
The apparently divergent similarity-attraction findings of the reinforcement theory and uniqueness theory researchers were investigated by exposing male (N = 45) and female (N = 45) subjects to conditions of slight, moderate, or high similarity relative to one comparison other. Similarity was manipulated by means of a bogus personality and attitude inventory. For the self-report measures, results consistent with reinforcement theory were obtained in that greater self-reported attraction to the partner was linearly related to increased similarity. Additionally, interpersonal distance was curvilinearly related to similarity. This distancing pattern reflected the fact that moderate similarity subjects positioned themselves relatively closer to the other person's chair than the slight or high similarity subjects. The physical distance results support the uniqueness theory notion that high similarity may have some aversive properties. The discrepancy between the physical distance and self-report results is discussed in terms of an implicit causal theory that subjects may have about interpersonal similarity (i.e., greater similarity is good).