Acoustic mimicry in a predator-prey interaction
Acoustic mimicry in a predator-prey interaction
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0703627104
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发表时间：
2007-05-29
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Conner, William E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barber, Jesse R.;Conner, William E.
视觉预警信号的拟态是进化生物学的重要概念之一，受到了广泛的关注。相比之下，声音模仿从来没有经过严格的测试。利用高速红外摄像技术可视化蝙蝠与飞蛾之间的相互作用，我们为虎蛾对蝙蝠的回声定位发出的超声波警告声的声学模仿提供了经验证据。两种发出声音的虎蛾先后被提供给幼稚的、自由飞行的红蝠和大棕蝠。每晚还提供夜蛾和蚜蛾对照。所有的蝙蝠很快就学会了避开有毒的虎蛾，把警告的声音和不好的味道联系在一起。然后，他们避开了第二种产生声音的物种，不管它是否受到化学保护，验证了声学模式中的穆勒式和贝叶斯式模仿。红蝙蝠的一个子集随后发现了贝叶斯模仿者的适口性，证明了这些捕食者对模仿者的相似性施加了强大的选择力。考虑到这些结果，以及广泛存在的虎蛾物种和其他发出声音的昆虫对蝙蝠的攻击做出超声波滴答声的反应，声学模仿复合物可能是声学景观的常见组成部分。
Mimicry of visual warning signals is one of the keystone concepts in evolutionary biology and has received substantial research attention. By comparison, acoustic mimicry has never been rigorously tested. Visualizing bat-moth interactions with high-speed, infrared videography, we provide empirical evidence for acoustic mimicry in the ultrasonic warning sounds that tiger moths produce in response to echolocating bats. Two species of sound-producing tiger moths were offered successively to naive, free-flying red and big brown bats. Noctuid and pyralid moth controls were also offered each night. All bats quickly learned to avoid the noxious tiger moths first offered to them, associating the warning sounds with bad taste. They then avoided the second sound-producing species regardless of whether it was chemically protected or not, verifying both Mullerian and Batesian mimicry in the acoustic modality. A subset of the red bats subsequently discovered the palatability of the Batesian mimic, demonstrating the powerful selective force these predators exert on mimetic resemblance. Given these results and the widespread presence of tiger moth species and other sound-producing insects that respond with ultrasonic clicks to bat attack, acoustic mimicry complexes are likely common components of the acoustic landscape.